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anat 316 > neuroanatomy - the human visceral system > Flashcards

neuroanatomy - the human visceral system Flashcards

1
Q

what are the parts of the diencephalon?

A

epithalamus, thalamus, hypothalamus

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2
Q

where does the diencaphalon extend from and to

A

the diencephalon extends from the brainstem to the cerebrum, surrounding the 3rd ventricle

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3
Q

what is the function of the thalamus

A

info relay station: the thalamus relays sensory messages (just not smell) to the cerebral cortex, relays motor functions to the cerebral cortex, and regulates autonomic actives (ie sleep, alertness, and wakefulness)

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4
Q

what is the interthalamic adhesion

A

grey mater that joints left and right portions of the thalamus together

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5
Q

what is the internal capsule

A

thick band of white mater lateral to the thalamus

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6
Q

where is the hypothalamus

A

the hypothalamus is inferior to the thalamus

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7
Q

what is the function of the hypothalamus?

A

the hypothalamus controls body activities
regulates homeostasis
produces hormones that act on pituitary gland
regulates emotional and behavioural patterns with the limbic system,
plays a role in regulating eating and drinking
regulates body temp and circadian rythm
controls and integrates autonomic division of PNS (division of ANS)

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8
Q

what does the infundibulum do?

A

connects pituitary glands to the hypothalamus

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9
Q

where is the epithalamus

A

superior and posterior to the thalamus

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10
Q

what are the two distinct portions of the epithalamus

A

habenular nuclei and pineal gland

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11
Q

what is the function the the habenular nuclei

A

olfaction and emotional responses to odors

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12
Q

what is the function of the pineal gland

A

endocrine system and to secrete melatonin

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13
Q

what are the 3 structures of the brainstem, in ascending order?

A

medulla oblongata, pons, and then midbrain

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14
Q

what is the function of the medulla oblongata?

A

the medulla oblongata forms the inferior part of the brainstem and contains all sensory (ascending) and motor (descending) tracts that connect spinal cord to the brain

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15
Q

what are the pyramids of the medulla

A

anterior prominent bulges of white mater where axons cross to opposite side at the decussation of pyramids

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16
Q

what does the decussation of pyramids allow for?

A

contralateral control

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17
Q

what is the function of the pons?

A

control center for respiration AND links brain n spinal cord

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18
Q

what is the function of the midbrain

A

auditory and visual pathways, also allows cerebral aqueduct to pass through connecting 3rd and 4th ventricles

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19
Q

what are the 4 tactum of the midbrain

A

superior colliculi (2) - these are reflex for visual activity
inferior colliculi (2) - these are reflex for auditory activity

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20
Q

which nervous system are cranial nerves apart of

A

peripheral nervous system

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21
Q

what is the 1st cranial nerve

A

olfactory (sensory)

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22
Q

what is the 2nd cranial nerve

A

optic (sensory)

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23
Q

What is the 3rd cranial nerve

A

oculomotor (motor)

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24
Q

What is the 4th cranial nerve

A

Trochlear (motor)

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25
Q

What is the 5th cranial nerve

A

trigeminal (sensory and motor)

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26
Q

What is the 6th cranial nerve

A

abducens (motor)

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27
Q

what is the 7th cranial nerve

A

facial (sensory and motor)

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28
Q

what is the 8th cranial nerve

A

vestibulocochlear (sensory)

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29
Q

what is the 9th cranial nerve

A

glossopharyngeal nerve (sensory and motor)

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30
Q

what is the 10th cranial nerve

A

vagus nerve (sensory and motor)

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31
Q

what is the 11th cranial nerve

A

accessory nerve (motor)

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32
Q

what is the 12th cranial nerve

A

hypoglossal nerve (motor)

33
Q

what does the oculomotor nerve do?

A

movement of the eyeballs

34
Q

what does the trochlear nerve do?

A

movement of the eyeballs

35
Q

what does the trigeminal nerve do?

A

sends sensory innervation to the face, motor innervation to the muscles of mastification

36
Q

where in the skull does the olfactory nerve exit?

A

cribifrom plate

37
Q

where in the skull does the optic nerve exit?

A

optic canal

38
Q

where in the skull does the oculomotor nerve exit?

A

superior orbital fissure

39
Q

Where in the skull does the trochlear nerve exit?

A

optic canal

40
Q

where in the skull does the trigeminal nerve exit

A

superior oribital fissure (ophthalamic branch), the foramen rotundum (maxillary branch), and the foramen ovale (mandibular branch)

41
Q

what does the abducens nerve do?

A

movement of the eyeballs

42
Q

where in the skull does the abducens nerve exit?

A

superior orbital fissure

43
Q

what does the facial nerve do

A

controls muscles of facial expression and taste for the anterior 2/3 of the tongue

44
Q

where in the skull does the facial nerve exit

A

stylomastoid foramen

45
Q

what is the function of the vestibulocochlear nerve?

A

hearing and equilibrium

46
Q

where in the skull does the vestibulochlear nerve exit?

A

the internal acoustic meatus

47
Q

What is the function of the glossopharyngeal nerve?

A

taste for the posterior 1/3 of the tongue

48
Q

where in the skull does the glossopharyngeal nerve exit?

A

the jugular foramen

49
Q

what is the function of the vagus nerve

A

autonomic regulation

50
Q

Where in the skull does the vagus nerve exit?

A

the jugular foramen

51
Q

What is the function of the accessory nerve

A

innervation of trapezius and sternocleidomastoid muscles

52
Q

Where in the skull does the accessory nerve exit?

A

foramen magnum

53
Q

What is the function of the hypoglossal nerve

A

speech, manipulation of food, swallowing

54
Q

Where in the skull does the hypoglossal nerve exit?

A

the hypoglossal foramen

55
Q

What exits via the superior orbital fissure

A

opthalamic branch of trigeminal nerve, abducens nerve, and oculomotor nerve

56
Q

what exits via the optic canal?

A

optic nerve

57
Q

what exits via jugular foramen

A

glossopharyngeal nerve and vagus nerve

58
Q

What are the protective structures of the spinal cord

A

vertebral column, spinal meninges. and CSF

59
Q

What are the different spinal meninges from superficial to deep

A

Dura mater, arachnoid mater, and pia mater

60
Q

What is dura mater

A

most superficial spinal meninge, thick and strong, composed of dense irregular connective tissue, and continous with meningeal layers of the brain

61
Q

What is arachnoid mater

A

middle layer of spinal meninge, thin avascular covering, composed of epitheleal cells and thin strands f collagen, continous with cranial arachnoid mater

62
Q

What is pia

A

Innermost layer of spinal meninge, thin transparent layer of connective tissue, has elastic fibers and blood vessels

63
Q

what is epidural space

A

space btw vertebral canal and dua, acts as a cushion of fat and connective tissue for spinal cord

64
Q

what is subdural space

A

space btw dura and arachnoid

65
Q

What is subarachnoid space

A

space btw arachnoid and pia, contains shock absorbing CSF

66
Q

what are denticulate ligaments

A

triangular shaped extensions of pia mater that project laterally and fuse with arachnoid mater. Function to protect spinal cord from displacement and sespend spinal cord in dural sheath

67
Q

where is the cervical enlargement of the spinal cord

A

from C4 to T1

68
Q

cervicle enlargement function

A

accomidate grater number of nerve cells for upper extremities

69
Q

where is the lumbosacral enlargement

A

from T9-T12

70
Q

lumbosacral enlargement function

A

accommodate greater number of nerve cells for lower extremities

71
Q

what is the conus medullaris

A

termination of the spinal cord

72
Q

where is the conus medullaris located

A

it is located btw L1 and L2

73
Q

what is the filum terminale

A

extension of the pia mater that attaches spinal cord to coccyx

74
Q

what is the cauda equina

A

base of the vertebral column, it is the lumbar, sacral, and coccygeal spinal nerves

75
Q

what does the central canal contain?

A

CSF

76
Q

what does the posterior horn of grey matter contain?

A

interneurons and axons of sensor neurons

77
Q

what does the lateral horn grey matter contain?

A

cell bodies of autonomic motor nuclei for smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, and glands

78
Q

what does the anterior horn of grey matter contain?

A

somatic motor nuclei for skeletal muscles

79
Q

what is the function of funiculus of white mater

A

to contain axon bundles called tracks that carry ascending sensory and descending motor info

anat 316 (22 decks)

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