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anat 316 > neuroanatomy - ventricles, meninges, and blood flow > Flashcards

neuroanatomy - ventricles, meninges, and blood flow Flashcards

1
Q

what are the layers of the scalp?

A

Skin
Connective tissue
Aponeurosis
Loose connective tissue
Periosteum

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2
Q

What layers are in the “scalp propre”

A

Skin, connective tissue, aponeurosis

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3
Q

what is function of aponeurosis on the skull

A

to prevent stretching of the scalp

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4
Q

what muscles does the skull aponeurosis contain?

A

frontalis and occipitalis

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5
Q

what is the function of the frontalis?

A

raising eyebrows

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6
Q

what is function of occipitalis?

A

retracting scalp

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7
Q

what is the combo of the frontalis and the occipitalis called?

A

occipitofrontalis

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8
Q

what layers are in the deep scalp?

A

Loose connective tissue amd periosteum

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9
Q

what is the function of the periosteum of the skull?

A

to be a metabolically supportive layers on the bones

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10
Q

what does the loose connective tissue contain?

A

emissary veins that provide pathway to cranial vault - dangerous because can lead to infections

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11
Q

what are meninges?

A

3 layers of tissue that protect and support the CNS

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12
Q

what are the layers of the meninges?

A

Dura Mater, Arachnoid Mater, Pia Mater (superficial –> deep)

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13
Q

where is the dura mater later

A

The dura mater layer is the most superficial layer of the meninges, it is thick and deep to the calvarium (skull cap)

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14
Q

what is the function of the dura mater?

A

The dura mater functions to enclose the dural venous sinuses

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15
Q

what is the function of the dural venous sinuses?

A

drain cranial vault

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16
Q

what folds does the dura mater form?

A

falx cerebri, tentorium cerebelli, and the falx cerebelli

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17
Q

what does the falx cerebri do?

A

splits left cerebral hemisphere from right cerebral hemisphere

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18
Q

what does the tentorium cerebelli do?

A

seperates cerebrum from the cerebellum?

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19
Q

what are the layers of the Dura Mater

A

periosteal layer (superficial to) maningeal layer

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20
Q

what does the falx cerebri attach to anteriorly?

A

the crista galli of the ethmoid bone

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21
Q

what is the function of the Dura Mater

A

form dural venous sinuses

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22
Q

what potential spaces does the Dura Mater give?

A

the epidural space (superficial to) subdural space

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23
Q

what does the perosteal layer of the dura mater go around?

A

edge of the skull

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24
Q

what doee the meningeal layer of the dura mater go around?

A

the spinal cord

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25
Q

where does the arachnoid mater sit?

A

deep to the dura mater and on the dura mater

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26
Q

what is the function of the arachnoid mater?

A

protect and anchor brain (also is involved in CSF metabolism)

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27
Q

where is the subarachnoid space?

A

btw the arachnoid and the pia

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28
Q

what is the function of the subarachnoid space?

A

to contain cerebral spinal fluid

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29
Q

what does CSF do?

A

help metabolically and physically support the brain

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30
Q

how does CSF metabolically support brain?

A

acting as an exchange medium

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31
Q

how does CSF physically support brain?

A

providing buoyancy and cushioning

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32
Q

what is the function of arachnoid granualation?

A

to drain CSF through the dura

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33
Q

what is function of the arachnoid tuberculae?

A

To support the arachnoid mater

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34
Q

where is the pia?

A

layer deep to the arachnoid tuberculae

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35
Q

what is the function of the pia

A

to closely cover cortical sulci and gyri providing protection and support

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36
Q

what space exists between the pia and the cortex

A

the subpial space - potential space

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37
Q

which spinal meninges cover the spinal nerve roots?

A

dura and arachnoid meninges

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38
Q

where to denticulate ligaments come from?

A

the pia meninge

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39
Q

how do denticulate ligaments lead to cord stability

A

they connect the pia to the dura

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40
Q

which spinal meninges cover the spinal nerve roots?

A

the dura and arachnoid meninges

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41
Q

what layers is the epidural space between?

A

the epidural space is above the dura mater - it is between the dura mater and the lining of the vertebral canal

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42
Q

what does the epidural space contain?

A

fat and venous plexuses

43
Q

what layers is the subarachnoid space between?

A

the arachnoid mater and the pia mater

44
Q

what does the subarachnoid space contain?

A

Cerebral spinal fluid

45
Q

What layers is the subdural space between?

A

the dura mater and the arachnoid mater

46
Q

what layers is the subpial space between?

A

it is beneath the pia mater

47
Q

what do the subdural and subpial spaces have in common hat the subarachnoid and epidural spaces do not?

A

the subdural and subpial spaces are both potential spaces

48
Q

what is the overall function of a ventricle?

A

ventricles are cavities within the brain responsible for deep cerebral spinal fluid flow

49
Q

how many lateral ventricles do we have?

A

2

50
Q

which portion of the brain are the lateral ventricles associated with?

A

telencephalon (front part of cerebrum)

51
Q

what is the function of the atrium in the lateral ventricles?

A

to connect anterior horn with the atrium

52
Q

what portion of the brain is the third ventricle associated with?

A

the diencephalon (thalamus and hypothalamus)

53
Q

what is the interthalamic adhesion in the third ventricle?

A

band of tissue passing through a middle hole in the 3rd ventricle

54
Q

what is the function of the cerebral aqueduct?

A

the cerebral aqueduct connects teh 3rd and 4th ventricle passing through midbrain and pons

55
Q

what is the function of the fourth ventricle?

A

the foruth ventricle communicates with the subarachnoid space

56
Q

what part of the brain is the fourth vetnricel associated with?

A

the myenlecephalon - more specifically the brain

57
Q

foramina of Luschka is also known as

A

lateral apertures

58
Q

foramina of megendie is also known as

A

median aperture

59
Q

where does the central canal of the fourth ventricle go to?

A

the spinal cord

60
Q

what does the fourth ventricle provide for the spinal cord?

A

metabolic support

61
Q

what is CSF produced by

A

choroid plexus

62
Q

what is the choroid plexus

A

collection of ependymal cells found on the walls of all 4 ventricles that produces CSF that flows into the ventricles

63
Q

from the lateral ventricle, where does CSF flow into next?

A

interventricular foramen

64
Q

from the inter-ventricular foramen where does CSF flow into next?

A

third ventricle

65
Q

from the third ventricle where does CSF flow into next?

A

cerebral aqueduct

66
Q

from the cerebral aqueduct where does CSF flow into next?

A

the fourth ventricle

67
Q

where can the CSF flow to from the fourth ventricle

A

the subarachnoid space (foramina of Luschka or the Foramen of Magendie) OR the central canal

68
Q

Where in the subarachnoid space would the CSF flow into?

A

cisterns in the subarachnoid space (small cavities in the subarachnoid space) THEN it would flow along outer cortices (layers) of the cerebrum and cerebellum

69
Q

How does CSF leave the subarachnoid space?

A

through arachnoid granulations

70
Q

Once CSF leaves the subarachnoid space - where does it end up next

A

ocne CSF goes through arachnoid granulations it will drain into dural venous sinuses

71
Q

what do arachnoid granulations pierce through

A

dural venous sinuses

72
Q

what drains through arachnoid granulations?

A

CSF

73
Q

what is the overall flow of cerebral CSF?

A

choroid plexus, lateral ventricle, interventricular foramen, third ventricle, cerebral aqueduct, fourth ventricle, median/lateral apertures, subsarachnoid cisterns, bathing superficial brain, arachnoid granulations, dural venous sinuses

74
Q

what is the overall flow of spinal CSF?

A

choroid plexus, lateral ventricle, interventricular formane, third ventricle, cerebral aqueduct, foruth ventricle, central canal

75
Q

what are the 3 major branches off the Aorta?

A

brachiocephalic trunk, the left common carotid artery, and the left subclavian artery

76
Q

what does the brachiocephalic trunk supply?

A

The right side

77
Q

what does the left common carotid artery supply?

A

The brain

78
Q

what does the left subclavian arteyr supply?

A

the left side

79
Q

what does the brachiocephalic trunk bufurctae into?

A

right common carotid artery and the right subcalvian artery

80
Q

what are the 4 major arteries that supply the brain?

A

the common carotid (which then becomes internal carotid) and the subcalvian (which then becomes vertebral artery)

81
Q

what does the vertebral artery run through?

A

the vertebral foramina of cervicle vertebrae to the brain

82
Q

what artery goes through the carotid canal of the occipital bone?

A

The internal carotid artery

83
Q

what artery goes through the anterior portion of the foramen magnum

A

the vertebral artery

84
Q

where does the basilar artery come from?

A

the left and right vertebral arteries

85
Q

where does the basilar artery sit?

A

the basilar grove of the pons

86
Q

what is the relation between the basilar artery and the pons?

A

the basilar artery gives off pontine arteries to supply the pons

87
Q

What do the posterior cerebral arteries supply?

A

The posterior cerebral cortex according to their respective sides

87
Q

what does the basilar artery bifurcate into?

A

The left and right posterior cerebral arteries

88
Q

what is the circle of willis

A

anastomosis/connection of arteries providing major cerebral blood supply

89
Q

anterirorly, what does the circle of willis contain

A

the anterior cerebral arteries connecting by the anterior communicating artery

90
Q

posteriorly what des the circle of willis contain?

A

the basilar artery leading to the posterior cerebral arteries leading to the EITEHR their respective respective side of the cerebral cortex OR to the posterior communicating arteries

91
Q

what does the internal carotid artery lead to?

A

either the anterior cerebral artery or the mdidle cerebral artery or the posterior communciiating artery

92
Q

in the circle of willis, what is the internal carotid artery connetced to?

A

the middle cerebral artery, the anterior cerebral artery, and the posterior communicating artery

93
Q

what do communication arteries provide?

A

connections btw arteries

94
Q

what do the L and R vertebral arteries combine to make?

A

basilar artery

95
Q

What is the purpose of the circle of willis?

A

the purpsoe of the cricle of willis is to maintain cerebral blood flow throughout the brain

96
Q

what is the purpose of dural sinuses/

A

drain the inner structures of the cranial vault to the heart

97
Q

where is the superiror mid-sagittal sinus?

A

int the falx cerebri

98
Q

what is the drainage of the sinuses starting at superior saggital sinus

A

the superior saggital sinus drains into the confluence of sinuses which drains into the transverse sinuses which drains into the tentorium cerebelli where the transverse sinus becomes the sigmoid sinus as it exits. The sigmoid sinus then drains into the internal jugular vein

99
Q

where does the transvese sinuses drain into

A

the transverse sinuses drain into the tentorium cerebelli where it becomes the sigmoid sinus

100
Q

where does the sigmoid sinus drain into?

A

the internal jugular vein

101
Q

what is the jugular bulb?

A

superior enlargement of the internal jugular vein

102
Q

what is the function of the cavernous sinus?

A

drain the eye, part of the cerebral cortex, and pituitary gland

103
Q

what pierces the cavernous sinus?

A

the internal carotid artery - this artery then exists the dura and contributes to the circle of willis

anat 316 (22 decks)

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