Nose and Sinuses and Muscles of Facial expression Flashcards
what is the function of the nasal cavity?
to humidify, warm and filter air
to facilitate drainage of the paranasal sinuses
to secrete mucus
what bones of the viscerocranium make up the nasal cavity?
nasal bone, vomer bone, maxillary bone, palatine bone, inferior nasal concha
what bones of the neurocranium make up the nasal cavity?
frontal bone, ethmoid bone, and the sphenoid bone
what is the nasal septum made out of?
bony portion and a cartilaginous portion (ethmoid and vomer bones, septal cartilage)
What is the function of the nasal septum?
to split the nose into L and R
with regards to the nasal cavity - what is a meatus?
space btw the conchae
what bone forms the superior and middle nasal conchae
the ethmoid bone
what is the function of the nasal conchae?
to increase surface area of the nasal cavity, to humidify air, to filter air, and to warm up air
what bones make up the roof of the nasal cavity?
the roof of the nasal cavity is made up of the cribiform plate of the ethmoid bone, the nasal bone, the frontal bone, and the sphenoid bone
what bones make up the floor of the nasal cavity
the palatine bone and the maxillary bones
what cartilages make up the external nose?
lateral nasal cartilage, major alar cartilage, and minor alar cartilage
what are the paranasal sinuses?
cavities (air pockets) found in the skull
which bones contain paranasal sinuses?
the ethmoid bone, the frontal bone, the maxillary bone, and the sphenoid bone contain paranasal sinuses
what are paranasal sinuses lined with?
respiratory mucosa and secrete mucous
what is the function of the paranasal sinuses?
to lighten the weight of the skull, to humidify/heat/filter air, and to secrete mucus
where do the paranasal sinuses drain into?
the nasal meatuses
where does the superior meatus drain?
sphenoid and posterior ethmoid sinuses
what does the middle meatus drain into?
frontal, anterior ethmoid, and maxillary sinuses
what innervates the paranasal sinuses
the V1 (opthalamic) and the V2 (maxillary) branches of the trigeminal nerve
where do facial muscles originate from?
facial bones or adjacent muscles
what innervates the facial muscles?
CN7
what is the basic function of ALL facial muscles?
to act as sphincters and dialators and to alter facial expression
what are the 7 muscles of facial expression
frontalis, corrugator supercilii, orbicularis oculi, the zygomaticus, the buccinator, the orbicularis oris, and the platysma
FK OZ BOP
what is the function of the frontalis?
draw the scalp back, raise eyebrows
what are the three parts of the orbicularis oculi and where are they?
orbital part (above and below eye) palpebral part (upper and lower eyelid) lacrimal part (medial, compresss lacrimal sac)
what is the function of the orbital part of the orbicularis oculi?
tightly closing eyes
what is the function of the palpebral part of the orbicularis oculi?
losely closing eyes
what is the function of the lacrimal part of the orbicularis oculi?
to compress the lacrimal sac
what is the function of the corrugator surpercilii?
to draw the eyebrows medially and inferiorkly
what is the function of the orbicularis oris?
purse and protrude ips
what is the function of the zygomaticus?
to pull corners of the mouth up and draw it laterally
what is the function of the buccinator?
to pull the cheeks inward against the teeth
what is CN7’s intercranial pathway
brain stem - internal acoustic meatus - facial canal - medial wall of the middle ear - stylomastoid foramen
what is the function of the platysma
to pull corners of mouth downs
what do the temporal branches of the facial nerve innervate?
upper half orbicularis oculi, corrugator supercilli, frontalis
what does the zygomatic branch of the facial nerve innervate?
oribuclaris oculi (lower half)
what does the buccal branch of the facial nerve innervate?
orbicularis oris, zygomaticus, and the buccinator
what does the cervical branch of the facial nerve innervate?
platysma
