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anat 316 > perineum > Flashcards

perineum Flashcards

1
Q

where is the perineum?

A

inferior to the pelvic floor, btw lower limbs.
Includes soft tissue inferior to pelvic floor, ending at the skin

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2
Q

What are the two hiatuses on the pelvic floor?

A

urogenital hiatus and rectal hiatus

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3
Q

which hiatus on the pelvic floor is more towards the front of the body?

A

urogenital hiatus

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4
Q

Which hiatus on the pelvic floor is more towards the back of the body

A

the rectal hiatus

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5
Q

which muscle makes up the urogenital hiatus?

A

levator ani

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6
Q

Which muscle makes up the rectal hiatus?

A

lecvator ani

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7
Q

which posterior muscle of the pelvic floor is more lateral?

A

piriformis

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8
Q

Which posterior muscle of the pelvic floor is more medial

A

coccygeus

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9
Q

what is the anterior norder of the perineum?

A

pubic symphysis

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10
Q

What is the posterior border of the perineum?

A

coccyx/sacrum

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11
Q

What connects the pubic symphysis to the ischial tuberosity?

A

ishiopubic ramus

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12
Q

What is the lateral border o the perineum?

A

ischial tuberosity

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13
Q

What are the two triangles of the perineum?

A

urogenital triangle and anal triangle

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14
Q

Which triangle of the periteum is more anterior?

A

urogenital

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15
Q

what is the urogenital triangle bounded by?

A

anteriorly - pubic symphysis
laterally - ischial tuberosities

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16
Q

what is the anal triangle bounded by?

A

ischialn tuberosities and the coccyx

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17
Q

what does the scrotum have?

A

testes, epidemus, external spermadic cord

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18
Q

what is the bulb of the penis?

A

single erectile cylander, most proximal part of the penis

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19
Q

what is the crus of the penis?

A

have 2
“legs of the penis”
surrounds the bulb

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20
Q

What is the corpus spongiosum of the penis?

A

expansion o the bulb of the penis into the body of the penis. surrounding by the corpus cavernosum

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21
Q

what is the corpus cavernosum?

A

an expansion of the crus

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22
Q

what is the gland of the penis?

A

expansion of the corpus callosum. Secretions are expiled here

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23
Q

What makes up the body of the penis?

A

glans, corpus cavernosum, corpus spongiosum

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24
Q

What makes up the root of the penis?

A

crus and the bulb

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25
Q

where is the deep penile artery?

A

within the corpus cavernosum

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26
Q

where is the urethra?

A

within corpus spongisum

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27
Q

the bladder is ___ to the prostate (positionally)

A

superior

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28
Q

Where is the prostatic urethra?

A

within prostate

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29
Q

What is the urethra called when it exits the prostate and before it enters the penis?

A

membranous urethra

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30
Q

what structure houses the urethra?

A

corpus spongiosum

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31
Q

what is the urethra called once it enters the penis?

A

spongy urethra

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32
Q

where does urethra terminate?

A

external urethral orifice

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33
Q

what is the mons pubis?

A

fatty tissue that covers most of the external female genitalia`

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34
Q

what protects the external female genitalia

A

mons pubis

35
Q

what is the prepuse of the clitoris?

A

tissue that protects the clitoris from the outside world, superficial to the clitoris

36
Q

what is the labia majora?

A

outer lip of the vagina. made of fatty tissue. cushions the region

37
Q

what is the labia minora?

A

inner lip of the vagina that protects and lubricates it

38
Q

what is the pudendal cleft?

A

space btw the labia majora and minora

39
Q

what is the anterior border of the female genitalia vestibule?

A

clitoris

40
Q

What is the lateral border of the female genitalia vestibule?

A

labia minora

41
Q

What is the posterior border of the female genitalia vestibule?

A

fourchette

42
Q

what is the fourchette of the female genitalia vestibule?

A

tissue stucture at posterior border of the female genitalia vestibule

43
Q

what is the function of the external urethral orifice?

A

urethra exits here

44
Q

what is vaginal orifice?

A

opening of the vagina

45
Q

What is the bulb of the vestibule?

A

part of female clitoris - becomes engorged with blood during arousal

46
Q

what are the greater vestibular glands?

A

part of the clitorus, function is to lubricate the vagina

47
Q

the glands for the clitoris are ___ to the clitoris

A

distal

48
Q

What does the external urethral sphincter do?

A

surrounds entire urethra - applies pressure and compression to the urethra

49
Q

What is the urethrocaginal sphincter?

A

structure that surronds the urethra and vagina

50
Q

What is the compressor urethrae?

A

structure that surrounds anterior urethra and applies pressure to the urethra

51
Q

superficial to deep what is the order of the urogenital triangle

A

skin, perineal fascia, superficial perineal pouch, perineal membrane, deep perineal pouch, then pelvic floor

52
Q

what is the deep perineal pouch?

A

btw pelvic floor superiorly and perineal membrane inferiorly. Lies superior to perineal membrane. Forms the external urethral shincter

53
Q

what makes up the deep perineal pouch in males?

A

deep transverse perineal muscle and external urethral sphincter

54
Q

what is deep transverse perineal muscle?

A

muscle in the deep perineal pouch, supports the perineal region

55
Q

what makes up the deep perineal pouch in females?

A

external urethral sphincter, urethrovaginal sphincter, compressor urethrae, deep transverse perineal muscle

56
Q

what is the difference in the perineal pouch btw males and females

A

males do not have external urethral spincter or the compressor urethrae

57
Q

where is the superficial perineal pouch?

A

btw perineal membrane superiorly and deep perineal fascia inferiorly. lies inferior to perineal membrane

58
Q

what is the superior limit of the superficial perineal pouch

A

perineal membrane

59
Q

what is the inferior limit of the superficial perineal pouch

A

colle’s fascia

60
Q

what does the bulbospongiosus do

A

compresses bulb of penis during erection

61
Q

what structures are in the male and female superficial perineal pouch?

A

bulbospongiosus, ischiocarvernosus, superficial transverse perineal muscle

62
Q

what is the ischiocervernosus

A

compresses crus of the penis/clitorus during erection

63
Q

what does the superficial transverse perineal muscle do?

A

support the perineal body

64
Q

what is the superficial layer of the perineal fascia?

A

the superficial layer is continous with camper’s fascia of the anterior abdominal wall

65
Q

What is the deep layer of the perineal fascia

A

layer that is continuous with scarpa’s fascia of the anterior abdominal wall (colle’s fascia)

66
Q

what is the perineal body?

A

convergence/interlacing of bulbospongiosus, superficial perineal muscles, external anal sphincter, pelvic floor muscles

67
Q

what is the anal triangle?

A

posterior portion of the perineum - has no perineal membrane!

68
Q

What is the anal triangle bounded by

A

laterally - ischial tuberosities
posteriorly - coccyx

69
Q

what 4 things does the anal triangle contain?

A

anal aperture, external anal sphincter, ischiorectal fossa, pudendal canal

70
Q

what is the ischiorectal fossa

A

space filled with fat and important neurovasculature within the pudendal canal

71
Q

what are the lateral and medial borders of the ischiorectal fossa?

A

lateral: obturator inernus
medial: external anal sphincter

72
Q

What are the superior and inferior borders of the ischiorectal fossa?

A

superior: levator ani
inferior: perineal fascia

73
Q

where is the pudendal canal/

A

in the ischiorectal fossa

74
Q

what does the pudendal canal contain?

A

pudendal nerve
internal pudendal vein
internal pudendal artery

75
Q

What does the external anal sphincter do?

A

voluntarily controlled, compresses to keep shincter/canal shut

76
Q

what does the internal anal sphincter do?

A

involunatrily controlled, relaxed during defecation

77
Q

what structure is lateral to the anal sphincters?

A

ischial rectal fossa

78
Q

where does the abdominal aorta bifurcate?

A

L4 - bifurcates into L and R common iliac arteries

79
Q

What does the external iliac artery supply?

A

blood to the lower limbs

80
Q

What does the internal iliac artery supply?

A

blood to pelvis

81
Q

Where do common iliac arteries bifurcate?

A

sacroiliac joint - split into intrnal and external iliac arteries

82
Q

where does internal pudendal artery branch off from?

A

internal iliac artery

83
Q

where does IMA come from?

A

abdominal aorta

84
Q

what supplies blood to the rectum?

A

superior rectal artery (branch from IMA) and internal iliac artery’s middle and inferior rectal arteries (with internal iliac artery coming from L/R iliac artery)

anat 316 (22 decks)

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