Abdominal Viscera 1 Flashcards
what does peritoneum mean?
peri = around
teino = to stretch
peritoneum means to stretch around viseral organs
What is the peritoneum?
serous membrane that lines/encapsulates the walls of the abdominal and pelvic cavities while covering many organs. It forms a sac that encloses peritoneal cavity
what is the most external layer of the peritoneum?
parietal layer
What is the most internal layer of the peritoneum?
visceral layer
What does the visceral layer surround?
intraperitoneal organ
what is the peritoneal cavity?
empty space between the parietal and the visceral layer of the peritoneum
what is the mesentary
double folding that connects the parietal and visceral peritoneum that leads into intaperitoneal organs
parietal peritoneum
wrap around/lines ab contents and ab wall, inferior diaphragm, pelvic walls, and roof over pelvic viscera (bladder, uterus, scrotum, etc). It lines outer wall of abdominal
parietal
wall
visceral
organ
visceral peritoneum
covers internal organs that are hanging in ab cavity - ie liver, stomach, GI tract `
Greater sac
Bottom of diaphragm to superior pelvis `
Lesser sac
behind the stomac, upward border is diaphrgam, doownward layer is going to be in btw layers of greater omentum
left border is spleen
right border of epiploic foramen of winslow
what separates the greater sac and the lesser sav?
greater omentum from greater curvature of the stomach
epiploic foramen of winslow
only natural communication btw greater sac and lesser sac
borders of epiploic foramen of winslow
anteriror - lesser omentum
Posterior - IVC
Superior - caudate lobe of the liver
Inferior - first part of duodenum
main difference between parietal abd visceral peritoneum
pariteal lines the ab cavity, visceral covers organs
intraperitoneal
things that are completely covered in peritoneum (ie liver, stomach, spleen, jejenum, ilieum). These organs are hung in ab cavitiy by mesentary
Retroperitoneal
organs with their anterior surface covered by peritoneum. along the ab wall. include
S uprarenal/adrenal glands
A bdominal Aorta and IVC
D uodenum (pts 2-4)
P ancreas
U reters
C olon (ascending and descending)
K idneys
E sophagus
R ectum (proximal 1/3)
are the intestines retroperitoneal?
NO! the intestines are intraperitoneal - they are completely covered in peritoneum
IS the kidney retroperiteneal?
Yes! The kidney is partially covered in paritoneum (its anterior surface)
what are the 4 double petioneal folds?
mesentery, lesser omentum, greater omentu,, ligaments
lesser omentum
double folding of peritoneal, hung between the liver and the lesser furve of the stomach
mesentary
abdominal organ made of both layers (pariteal and visceral) of the peritoneum. Function if is to attach inrteperitoneal organs to the ab wall and provide neorovvascular communication between these organs and the ab wall
What is the mesentary?
peritoneal folds that contains viscera and anchor them to posterior abdominal wall
Mesentary of small intestine
mesentery of small intestine
aattachea jejunum and ilium to posterior abdominal wall
Superiorly: attached btw duodenum and jejejunum, terminates at ileocecal junction
contains blood vessels, nerves, and lympatics to the jejejum and the ilium
transverse mesocolon
anchors transverse colon to posterior abdoominal wall, contains blood vessels, nerve, lympatics that supply the transverse colon
sigmoid mesocolon
attached sigmoid colon to the posterirorl ab wall
has a v shaped fold pointing towards division of left common iliac artery
contains sigmoid and rectal vessels
mesoaapendix
attached to inferior end of mesotery proper and extends to the tip of the appendics. Contains vessels that supply the appendix
greater omentum
double fold of peritoneum that hangs off greater curvature of stomach and folds back onto itself to attach to transverse coln
lesser omentum
extends from the lesser curvature of stomach and and the proximal dueodedenum to attach on the liver
how is parietal peritoneum innervated?
segmental nerves (overlying skin and muscles)
phrenic nerves
pain is well localized
visceral peritoneum
visceral afferent, pain is poorly localized
fore gut
extends from abdominal esophagus to the proximal 1/2 of the duodenum - aids with disgestion
foregut contains
Esophagus
Stomach
Liver
Gallbladder
Bile ducts
Pancreas
Proximal duodenum
Eat some luscious Grapes before picking dates
midgut
distal 1/2 of duodenum to proximal 2/3 of transverse colon. In charge of absorption
Midgut contains
distal duodenum, jejunum, ileum, cecum, appendix, ascending colon, proximal 2/3 transverse colon
(Apple Trees Just Create Delicious Irresistible Apples)
OR 0 in order: D J Izzy Carlos Ate Alot Tomatoes)
Hindgut
distal 1/3 of transverse colon to proximal anal canal in charge of remoaval
hindgut organs
distal 1/3 of Transverse colon, Descending colon, Sigmoid colon, upper anal canal
T D S Avings
what s artery supplies foregut?
celiac trunk
What artery supplies midgut?
SMA
What artery supplies hindgut?
IMA
what are the arteries that come off the celiac trunk?
Common hepatic artery, Left gastric, Splenic artery
C eliac tunk C So Lit!
what does the common hepatic artery come from?
celiac trunk
what two branches come off the common hepatic?
right gastric and gastroduodenal arteies
what does common hepatic artery turn into?
propre hepatic artery
left gastric artery
comes off celiac trunk, supplies lesser curvature of stomach
splenich artery
comes off celiac trunk, goes over stomach, has left gatro-omental artetery break off and go to greater curvature of stomach, has pancreaitc branch break off which goes around the greater curvature and feed to pancreas on the other side of stomach, the main artery ends by inserting itself in the spleen
right gastric artery
comes from common hepatic artery, crosses over celiac trunk to feed lesser curvature of stomach with left gastric artery
gastrodeneal artery
2nd branch off the common hepatic artery, has 3 branchess: duodenal branches, anterior/posterior superior pancreaticodudenal artery, right gastro-omental artery
left gastro-omental artery
breaks off of splenic artery before panncreastic branch does, wraps around greater curvature of the stomach
pancreatic branches
come off splenich artery after left gastro-omental does but before spleen. Wraps around the stomach to supply the prances
what gives blood o the midgut?
SMA
Where does he inferior pancreaticoduodenal artery come from?
this artery that will supply pancreas and duodenum comes from the S<A
what comes off the SMA inferiorly?
jejunal arteries and ileal arteries
what comes off the SMA superiorly 2nd?
middle colic artery
what does the middle colic artery supply?
the superior transverse colon
what does the right colic artery supply?
ascending colon
What comes off the SMA superiorly 3rdd
right colic artery
What is the last superior branch to come off the SMA?
The ileocolic artery
What does the ileocolic artery supply?
distal ileum, ileocecal valve, cecum, vermiform appendix, and the proximal ascending colon
what branches of the IMA supply the hindgut?
Left colic, sigmoidal arteries, superior rectal artery
abdominal esphagus belong to which gut?
foregut
What is the job of the abdominal esophagus?
starting mechanical digestion of food and transfering food bolus to stomach
When does the esophagus become the abdominal esophagus?
once it passes through the diaphragm esophageal hiatus (T10)
What is the blood supply of the abdominal esophagus?
esophageal branch of left gastric artery
what is the top of the stomach called?
fundus
What allows food to enter stomach?
esophagus
What is the opening to the stomach called?
cardia
What is the last part of the stomach called?
pyloric atrium
what is the canal that connects the stomach to the duodenum?
The pyloric canal (has the pyloric sphincter)
What is rugae?
folds in stomach that allows for contraction + expansion, increase surface area of the stomach, and has goblet cells that release mucus. `
what supplies the greater curvature of the stomach?
right and left gastro-omental arteries
What supplies the lesser curvature of the stomach?
right and left gastric arteries
What supplies the fundus?
short gastric arteries
What artery crosses the stomach posteriorly
the splenic artery
what artery does the proper hepatic artery come off?
the common hepatic artery
Which artery does the gastro-omental artery come off of?
splenic artery
what supplies the short gastric arteries?
the splenic artery
What supplies the splenic artery
celiac trunk
what does the small intestine do?
break down proteins, lipids, carbohydrates, and absorption
what are the three parts of the small intestine?
duodenum, jejunum, ileum
What is the last part of the small intestine?
ileum
what is the shape of the duodenum?
20-25 cm
What shape is the duodenum?
C shaped
The first part of the duodenum is covered in peritoneum in what way?
First part of the small intestine is intraperiteneal (completely covered)
2nd to 4th part of the duodenum is covered in peritoneum in what way
2nd to 4th part of duodenum is retroperitoneal (only covered in peritoneum anteriorly)
what is part 1 of the duodenum called?
superior
what is part 2 of the duodenum called?
descending part
what is part 3 of the duodenum called?
inferior/horizontal part
What is part 4 of the duodenum called?
ascending part
the superior dueodenum is (with regards to peritoneum)
intraperitoneal
what do the papulla in the descending portion of the peritoneum do?
secrete bile and gastric juices from the gull bladder and pancreas
what is the ampulla of vater?
where papilla drain into
what does the horizontal part of the duodenum cross over?
the IVC and abodominal aorta (and the SMA)
what does the suspensory ligament of duodenum do?
it helps keep the ascending duodeunum to posterior ab wall
what supplies the superior and descending duodenum?
these are in the proximal gut- supplies by anterior and posterior SUPERIOR pancreaticodudenal arteries
what supplies the horizontal and ascending duodenum?
these are in the midgut - they are supplied by anterior and posterior INFERIOR pancreacticoduodenal arteries
what artery does the posterior/anterior superior prancreaticduodenal artery come from?
gastrodeuodenal artery
what artery does the posterior/anterior inferior pancreaticoduodenal artery come from?
superior mesenteric artery
where is the ileum?
right lower quadrant, ends at ileocecal junction (going into cecum)
where is the jejunum?
left upper quadrant, begins at duodenojejunal flexure
what do plicae circularis do?
these are found throughout entire GI tract and increase SA
What do plicae circularis do?
increase absorption and digestion
where is peyers patch found?
in the iluem, it is part of lympatic system
what is the mesentery proper
double folding of the peritoneum
the SMA feeds the jejujnal arteries and then
blood goes to the arterial arcades to the vasarecta
the SMA feeds the ilear arteries and then…
blood goes to the arterial arcades to the vasa recta
with regards to size, the jejunum has ___ arcades
biggerr
with regards to size, the ileum has ___ arcades
smaller
with regards vasa recta, the jejunum has
less vasa recta and they are longer in size
with regards to vasa recta, the ileum has
more vasa recta and they are smaller in size
what artery comes off the SMA first?
the inferior pancreaticoduodenal
what does the common hepatic artery branch into?
propre hepatic and gastroduodenal and right gastric
what does the proper hepatic supply?
the liver
What 3 arteries does the gastroduodenal supply?
anterior/posteriro superior pancreaticodudenal artery, and right gastro-omentak
