Pharmacology Basics Flashcards
1
Q
staring on pg. 582 on Scorebuilders
A
2
Q
Bioavailability
A
*% of a medication that makes it into the systemic circulation from the original site.
- Low bioavailability = small % of drug actually reaches target site. This does not increase
3
Q
Therapuetic index (TI ratio)
A
- compares the TD50 to the ED 50. [TD50/ED50]
- TD50 dose at which 50% of pt adverse effects
- ED50 dose at which 50% of pts demonstrate beneficial effect from meds
- Low ratio = medication is less safe and more likely to cause adverse side effects (requires more monitoring)
4
Q
Half-life
A
- rate of elimination of meds from the body.
- Long-half life = meds will be in body for longer period of time
- Affects how frequently it needs to be administered
5
Q
Potency
A
- dose of meds that produce a specific response within the body.
- High potency = less meds will be needed for beneficial effect.
6
Q
Dose-response curve:
A
- graphic respresentation of relationship b/n doseage of drug and body’s response to the drug.
- As dosage increases, more receptors for drug become activated which increases bodys response to drug
- After a certain dosage the body’s response will plateau
7
Q
Pharmacodynamics:
A
- study of how a drug exerts its therapeutic effect of the body at the cellular or organ level
8
Q
Pharmacotherapeutics:
A
- deals with preventing, treating, and diagnosing diseases.
9
Q
Oral administration of drugs
A
- most common and easiest method for administering a drug.
- Allows for gradual increase in drug levels within the body.
10
Q
Sublingual drug administration
A
- passage through sublingual mucosa or buccal mucousa
- After absorbed travels from venous circulation directly to the heart and enter systemic circulation.
- faster intro of a drug with acute pain and allows drugs to bypass the liver so they are not overly metabolized before reaching target tissue
11
Q
Rectal drug administration
A
- suppository in rectum and absorbed in rectal cavity
- good for those who can’t take drugs orally (unconscious or vomiting)
- Also bypass liver
- Not absorbed as well.
12
Q
Enteral administration
A
Using the GI tract for administration of a drug
Oral, sublingual, or rectally
13
Q
Parenteral administration
A
- does not involve the GI tract.
14
Q
Inhalation drug administration
A
- if they are gaseous or aerosol form
- good since lungs have lg surface area for absorption and there for the drug can enter systemic system quickly
- Often used with pulmonary pathologies
- Can irritate the respiratory tract
15
Q
Topical drug administration
A
- drugs are poorly absorbed through skin into systemic circulation
- reserved for treating localized skin, ear, eye or nose disorders
16
Q
Transdermal drug administration
A
- slow, controlled release of drug into the circulation over long period of time.
- typically used with patches (fetanyl).
- Iontophoresis and phonophoresis also use this
17
Q
Injection drug administration
A
- Used to administer either locally or systemically.
- Disadvantage is its invasic and can cause infections.
18
Q
Intravenous drug administration
A
- injection into a peripheral vein to enter bloodstream.
- Advantage: can enter circulation and reach target tissue rapidly
- Disadvantage: can be dangerous is inaccurate dosage is given.
- considered 100% bioavailable.
19
Q
Intra-arterial drug administration
A
- injection into an artery so it can travel directly to target tissue.
- difficult to perform
- used with chemotherapy
20
Q
Subcutaneous drug administration
A
- injection of drug under the skin.
- Useful for slow release of meds into the systemic circulation is required (ex insulin)
21
Q
Intramuscular drug administration
A
- often used when treating localized muscular problems (botulinum toxin for spasticity).
- Absorbed more rapidly than subcutaneous injection though there is still a slow steady release of the drug into systemic circulation
- disadvantage: tend to cause localized m soreness and pain at site of injection.
22
Q
Intrathecal drug administration
A
- injection into a sheath (such as subarachnoid space of spinal meninges)
- advantageous because allows for intro of drug into the CNS without passing the BBB
