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pt Study > Muscle Innervations > Flashcards

Muscle Innervations Flashcards

1
Q

Platysma

A

facial nerve

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2
Q

Sternocleidomastoid

A

motor: accessory nerve
sensory: C2-C3

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3
Q

Scalenes

A

ventral rami C3-C8

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4
Q

Longus Capitis innervation

A

C1-C3

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5
Q

Rectus Capitis Anterior & Lateralis

A

C1-C2

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6
Q

Longus Colli innervation

A

C2-C6

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7
Q

Masseter innervation

A

mandibular nerve (3rd branch of trigeminal nerve)

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8
Q

Temporalis innervation

A

mandibular nerve (3rd branch of trigeminal nerve)

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9
Q

Medial and Lateral Pterygoid

A

mandibular nerve (3rd branch of trigeminal nerve)

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10
Q

Levator Palpebrae Superioris

A

oculomotor nerve

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11
Q

Superior/Medial/Inferior Rectus

A

occulomotor nerve

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12
Q

Lateral Rectus

A

abducens nerve

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13
Q

Inferior Oblique

A

occulomotor nerve

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14
Q

Superior Oblique

A

trochlear nerve

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15
Q

Trapezius

A

motor: spinal accessory nerve
sensory: C3-C4

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16
Q

Latissimus Dorsi

A

thoracodorsal nerve (C6-C7)

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17
Q

Rhomboid Major/Minor

A

dorsal scapular nerve (C4-C5)

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18
Q

Levator Scapula

A

dorsal scapular nerve (C5)
C3-C4

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19
Q

Serratus Posterior Superior

A

intercostal nerves (T2-T5)

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20
Q

Serratus Posterior Inferior

A

intercostal nerves (T9-T12)

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21
Q

Serratus Anterior

A

long thoracic nerve (C5-C7)

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22
Q

Splenius Capitus/Cervicis

A

posterior rami of middle cervical spinal nerves

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23
Q

Iliocostalis
Longissimus
Spinalis
Semispinalis
Multifidus
Rotatores
Interspinalis
Intertransversarii

A

posterior rami of spinal nerves

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24
Q

Rectus Capitis Posterior Major/Minor

A

suboccipital nerve (C1)

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25
Q

Deltoid

A

axillary nerve (C5-C6)

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26
Q

Teres Major

A

lower subscapular nerve (C5-C6)

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27
Q

Supraspinatus

A

suprascapular nerve (C4-C6)

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28
Q

Infraspinatus

A

suprascapular nerve (C5-C6)

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29
Q

Teres Minor

A

axillary nerve (C5-C6)

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30
Q

Subscapularis

A

upper and lower subscapular nerves (C5-C7)

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31
Q

Pectoralis Major

A

lateral/medial pectoral nerves (C5-T1)

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32
Q

Pectoralis Minor

A

medial pectoral nerves (C8-T1)

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33
Q

Subclavius

A

subclavian nerve (C5-C6)

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34
Q

Biceps Brachii
Brachialis

A

musculocutaneous nerve (C5-C6)

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35
Q

Coracobrachialis

A

musculocutaneous nerve (C5-C7)

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36
Q

Triceps Brachii

A

radial nerve (C6-C8)

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37
Q

Anconeus

A

radial nerve (C7-T1)

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38
Q

Pronator Teres
Flexor Carpi Radialis

A

median nerve (C6-C7)

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39
Q

Supinator

A

deep branch of radial nerve (C7-C8)

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40
Q

Palmaris Longus

A

median nerve (C7-C8)

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41
Q

Flexor Digitorum Superficialis

A

median nerve (C8-T1)

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42
Q

Flexor Carpi Ulnaris

A

ulnar nerve (C7-T1)

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43
Q

Flexor Digitorum Profundus

A

2nd-3rd digits: anterior interosseous branch of median nerve (C8-T1)
4th-5th digits: ulnar nerve (C8-T1)

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44
Q

Flexor Pollicis Longus
Pronator Quadratus

A

anterior interosseous branch of median nerve (C8-T1)

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45
Q

Hand Lumbricals

A

2nd-3rd: median nerve
4th-5th: deep palmar branch of ulnar nerve

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46
Q

Abductor Pollicis Brevis
Opponens Pollicis
Flexor Pollicis Brevis

A

recurrent branch of median nerve (C8-T1)

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47
Q

Abductor Digiti Minimi
Flexor Digiti Minimi Brevis
Opponens Digiti Minimi
Adductor Pollicis
Palmar and Dorsal Interossei

A

deep branch of ulnar nerve (C8-T1)

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48
Q

Brachioradialis

A

radial nerve (C5-C7)

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49
Q

Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus

A

deep branch of radial nerve (C6-C7)

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50
Q

Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis

A

deep branch of radial nerve (C7-C8)

51
Q

Extensor Digitorum
Extensor Digiti Minimi
Extensor Carpi Ulnaris
Abductor Pollicis Longus
Extensor Pollicis Longus
Extensor Pollicis Brevis
Extensor Indicis

A

posterior interosseous nerve (C7-C8)

52
Q

Psoas Major

A

ventral rami of L1-L3

53
Q

Iliacus
Sartorius

A

femoral nerve (L2-L3)

54
Q

Rectus Femoris
Vastus Lateralis/Intermedialis/Medialis

A

femoral nerve (L2-L4)

55
Q

Gracilis

A

obturator nerve (L2-L3)

56
Q

Pectineus

A

femoral nerve (L2-L4)
sometimes branch of obturator

57
Q

Adductor Longus
Adductor Brevis
Adductor Minimus

A

obturator nerve (L2-L4)

58
Q

Adductor Magnus

A

obturator nerve (L2-L4)
tibial nerve (L4)

59
Q

Obturator Externus

A

obturator nerve (L3-L4)

60
Q

Gluteus Maximus

A

inferior gluteal nerve (L5-S2)

61
Q

Gluteus Medius/Minimus
Tensor Fascia Latae

A

superior gluteal nerve (L4-S1)

62
Q

Piriformis

A

ventral rami of S1-S2

63
Q

Obturator Internus
Superior Gemellus

A

nerve to obturator internus and gemellus superior (L5-S2)

64
Q

Inferior Gemellus
Quadratus Femoris

A

nerve to quadratus femoris and gemellus inferior (L4-S1)

65
Q

Semitendinosus
Semimembranosus
Biceps Femoris Long Head

A

tibial nerve (L5-S2)

66
Q

Biceps Femoris Short Head

A

Peroneal Nerve (L5-S2)

67
Q

Plantaris
Gastrocnemius
Soleus
Popliteus

A

tibial nerve (S1-S2)

68
Q

Flexor Hallucis Longus
Flexor Digitorum Longus

A

tibial nerve (L5-S2)

69
Q

Tibialis Posterior

A

tibial nerve (L4-L5)

70
Q

Peroneus Longus/Brevis

A

superficial peroneal (L5-S1)

71
Q

Tibialis Anterior
Extensor Hallucis Longus
Extensor Digitorum Longus
Peroneus Tertius

A

deep peroneal nerve (L4-L5)

72
Q

Abductor Digiti Minimi
Quadratus Plantae

A

lateral plantar nerve (S1-S3)

73
Q

Abductor Hallucis
Flexor Digitorum Brevis

A

medial plantar nerve (S1-S2)

74
Q

Foot Lumbricales

A

1st: medial plantar nerve
2nd-4th: lateral plantar nerve (S2-S3)

75
Q

Flexor Hallucis Brevis

A

medial head: medial plantar nerve (S1-S2)
lateral head: lateral plantar nerve (S1-S2)

76
Q

Flexor Digiti Minimi Brevis
Adductor Hallucis
Dorsal/Plantar Interossei

A

lateral plantar nerve (S2-S3)

77
Q

External/Internal Intercostals
Transversus Thoracis
Subcostals

A

intercostal nerves

78
Q

External Obliques

A

intercostal nerves (T7-T12)

79
Q

Internal Obliques
Transversus Abdominis

A

intercostal nerves (T7-T12)
iliohypogastric nerve
ilioinguinal nerve

80
Q

Rectus Abdominis

A

intercostal nerves (T5-12)

81
Q

Quadratus Lumborum

A

anterior branches of T12
L1-L4

82
Q

Respiratory Diaphragm

A

phrenic nerve (C3-C5)

83
Q

Levator Ani

A

sacral plexus (S4)
inferior anal nerve

84
Q

Coccygeus

A

sacral plexus (S4-S5)

85
Q

Wasting of the thenar eminence musculature indicates possible damage to which muscle?

A

Median nerve

86
Q

Which two nerves innervate the toe flexors

A

tibial nerve
medial plantar nerve

87
Q

Which nerve(s) innervate muscles that allow for ulnar deviation

A

Ulnar - Flexor carpi ulnaris
Radial - Extensor carpi ulnaris

88
Q

What artery is used as a point of reference when naming the cords of the brachial plexus?

A

axillary artery

The brachial plexus includes three cords (i.e., lateral, medial, posterior) that are named according to their position with respect to the axillary artery.

89
Q

At which of the site might the median nerve be compressed (in the forearm)?

A

passing through the two heads of the pronator teres

Pronator syndrome occurs when the median nerve is compressed as it passes through the two heads of the pronator teres. This will affect sensory and motor function of the median nerve.

90
Q

Which of the following muscles is innervated by the anterior division of the obturator nerve?

pectineus
adductor magnus
adductor longus
gracilis

A

adductor longus

All of the options are innervated by the obturator nerve (L2-L4), but only the adductor longus is innervated by the anterior division. The pectineus is innervated by the obturator nerve in slightly less than 10% of individuals, while most often it is innervated by the femoral nerve.

91
Q

Which nerve innervates the cremasteric muscle?

A

genitofemoral nerve

The genital branch of the genitofemoral nerve arises from the roots of L1 and L2 and innervates the cremaster muscle. The cremaster muscle receives blood supply from the cremasteric artery.

92
Q

An inability to extend the elbow could result from pathology affecting the:

A

ventral nerve root of C7

Efferent fibers that control motor function are located in the ventral nerve root as they exit the spinal cord. The triceps receive their primary innervation from the C7 spinal segment.

93
Q

An inability to splay the fingers would indicate damage at which spinal segments?

A

C8-T1

The majority of the intrinsic muscles of the thumb and fingers are innervated at the C8-T1 spinal segments.

94
Q

Most common way the axillary nerve is injured

A

fracture of the neck of the humerus
OR
anteiror dislocation of the shld

95
Q

Most common way the musculocutaneous nerve is injured

A

fracture of the clavicle

96
Q

Most common way the radial nerve is injured

A

compression through the radial tunnel
OR
Fracture of the humerus

97
Q

Most common way the median nerve is injured

A

compression in the carpal tunnel
OR
pronator teres entrapment

98
Q

Most common way the ulnar nerve is injured

A

compression in the cubital tunnel
OR
Entrapment in guyon’s canal

99
Q

In the upper extremities nerve injury typically occur due to _______ while the lower extremities nerve injures occur due to _______

A

Upper Extremities: trauma, pentation, traction or compression

Lower extremities: woman in labor, delivery, or procedure occurring around pelvis

100
Q

Most common way the femoral nerve is injured

A

THA
displaced acetabular fracture
Anterior dislocation of femur
Hysterectomy
Appendectomy

101
Q

Most common way the Sciaticnerve is injured

A

blunt force trauma to the buttocks
THA
accidental injection into the nerve

102
Q

Most common way the obturator nerve is injured

A

fixation of femur fracture
THA

103
Q

Most common way the peroneal nerve is injured

A

femure, tibia, or fibular fracture
positioning during sx

104
Q

Most common way the tibialnerve is injured

A

tarsal tunnel entrapment
popliteal fossa compression

105
Q

Most common way the sural nerve is injured

A

fracture of the calcaneus or lateral malleolus

106
Q

Allesthesia

A

Allesthesia is the term for sensation that is felt at a site remote from the point of stimulation.

Allesthesia typically presents from a parietal lobe lesion or post amputation.

107
Q

When testing vibration sensation, which type of tuning fork is standardly used?

A

128mHz

A test of vibration sensation requires a tuning fork that vibrates at 128 Hz. The test is conducted by striking the tuning fork and then placing the base of the tuning fork over a bony prominence

108
Q

Which is the first form of sensation typically impacted in neurologic conditions?

A

light touch

Light touch is often the first sensation affected by a neurological condition and can be tested with a cotton ball or microfilament.

109
Q

What equipment is required when screening for deficits in protective sensation?

A

Monofilament

Monofilament testing is a reliable method of assessing and documenting changes in protective sensation. The loss of protective sensation in individuals with peripheral neuropathy can significantly increase the risk of tissue damage.

110
Q

An aesthesiometer would be most useful when conducting a formal measurement of:

A

two-point discrimination

An aesthesiometer is a device utilized to measure tactile sensitivity of the skin (i.e., two-point discrimination). Two-point discrimination refers to the ability to perceive two different points applied to the skin simultaneously. Two-point discrimination is a combined cortical sensation and would be assessed after the superficial and deep sensations have been assessed.

111
Q

What is commonly associated with C7 nerve involvement?

A

weakness in the triceps, wrist flexors and sensory abnormalities in the dorsal forearm, long and ring fingers.

112
Q

Weakness of the elbow flexion and wrist extension, diminished brachioradialis reflex? What is affected?

A

C6 nerve root

113
Q

Sensory loss over the webspace of the thumb? What is affected

A

Radial nerve (C6-T1)

114
Q

Weakness of shoulder abduction and ER. What is affected?

A

Suprascapular nerve (C5-6) - infraspinatus, supraspinatus
OR
Axillary nerve (C5-6) - deltoid, teres minor

115
Q

Weakness with shoulder abduction and sensory loss of anterior forearm, diminished biceps reflex. What is affected?

A

C5 nerve root

116
Q

Inability to perform tip-to-tip pinch? What is affected?

A

AIN nerve. Branch of the median nerve

117
Q

Deep shoulder pain, weakness with ER. What is affected?

A

Suprascapular nerve

118
Q

Loss of what nerve would result in the ape hand?

A

Median nerve

119
Q

Weak DF and sensory loss over 1st webspace of the foot? What is affected?

A

deep peronal (more likely)….because DF more associated with L4 and 1st webspace associated with L5

could also be L5 nerve root (dermatome and myotome testing)

120
Q

Weak PF, paresthesia over the heel/posterior leg? What is affected?

A

S1 nerve root

Or tibial nerve (sural branch)

121
Q

1+ patellar tendon reflex, weak hip flexion, loss of sensation on medial malleolus? What is affected?

A

Femoral nerve (L2- L4)

patellar reflex (L3), weak hip flexion (L2), loss of sensation on medial malleolus (L4)

122
Q

Weak eversion. What is affected?

A

Superficial peroneal (Fibular nerve)

123
Q

Weak toe flexion, lateral foot paresthesia? What is affected?

A

Tibial nerve (L4-S3)

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