Lab Values

Question 1

Magnesium (Mg) Values

Answer 1

1.5-2.5 mEq/L

Question 2

Phosphate (P) values

Answer 2

2.6-4.5 mg/dL
Red flag >5.1

Question 3

Potassium (K+) values

Answer 3

3.5-5.0 mEq/L
Red flag <3.2; >5.1

Question 4

Calcium (Ca+) Values

Answer 4

8.5-10.5 mg/dL

Question 5

Blood Urea Nitrogen (BUN) values

Answer 5

10-20 mg/dL
Caution >20

Question 6

Bicarbonates (HCO3) values

Answer 6

22-26 mEq/L

Question 7

Chloride (Cl-) Values

Answer 7

98-106 mEq/L

Question 8

Sodium (Na+) Values

Answer 8

135-145 mEq/L
Caution ,120

Question 9

Plasma Creatinine Values

Answer 9

0.5-1.1 mg/dL Females
.6-1.2 mg/dL Males
Caution >1.2

Question 10

Creatinine Clearance Values

Answer 10

87-107 mL/min Females
107-139 mL/min Males

Question 11

Fasting Glucose Values

Answer 11

70-110 mg/dL
Red flag <60 or > 300-350

Question 12

Hb A1C Values

Answer 12

(averaged over a 3 month period)
5.7-6.4 prediabetic
6.5 diagnosed with diabetes
** goal of a individuals with diabetes is to maintain A1C of less than 7%

Question 13

Hemoglobin values

Answer 13

Iron containing protein that has a strong affinity for oxygen
14-18 g/100mL Males
12-16 g/100mL Females
Caution 8-10
Red Flag <8

Question 14

Hematocrit values

Answer 14

Measure of % of whole blood occupied by cells
42-52% Males
36-48% Females (text says 37-47)

Caution 25-30%
Red Flag <25%

Question 15

Blood cell count values

Answer 15

Leukocytosis – WBC > 11,000/mm3
Leukopenia – WBC < 4,000/mm3 or <5,000 with fever
Thrombocytosis - PLT > 400,000/mm3
Thrombocytopenia –PLT < 140,000/mm3

Question 16

INR therapeutic values

Answer 16

2.0-3.0
Prophylaxis of venous thrombosis (high risk surgery)
DVT and PE
DIC (disseminated intravascular coagulation) prevention and treatment
Afib
Valvular heart dz
*Recurrent systemic embolism
Cardiomyopathy

2.5 – 3.5
Acute MI
Mechanical prosthetic heart valve replacement

Question 17

INR yellow flags

Answer 17

Values between 3.5-5.0
Consider fall risks
Possible bleeding during debridement

Question 18

INR red flags

Answer 18

> 5.0 (some references site 6.0 as bedrest)
Consider holding all debridement and pulsed lavage
May be on bed rest
Consult MD

Question 19

Hypercalcemia

Answer 19

• excessive levels of calcium in blood (Norm: 8.5-10.5)
• Most commonly associated with hyperparathyroidism since excessive parathyroid hormone raises the level of circulating calcium above normal.
• Symptoms: constipation, pain, nausea, vomiting.

Question 20

Hyperkalemia

Answer 20

• excessive levels of potassium in blood (Norm 3.5 - 5)
• (>7): Can cause significant hemodynamic and neurologic consequences
• (>8): cause respiratory paralysis or cardiac arrest
• Symptoms typically related to abnormalities in muscular or cardiac function

Question 21

Hypermagnesemia

Answer 21

• excessive level of magnesium in blood (Norm: 1.5-2.5)
• relatively rare since the kidneys are able to eliminate excess magnesium by rapidly reducing its tubular absorption.
• Most often caused by renal failure.
• Symptoms: hypotension and respiratory depression

Question 22

Hypernatremia

Answer 22

• excessive level of sodium in blood (Norm: 135-145)
• Occurs when there is a net water loss or a sodium gain and reflects too little water in relation to total body sodium and potassium.
• Most often caused by impaired thirst or restricted access to water and can be facilitated by pathologic conditions with increased fluid loss
• Primary symptoms is thirst .

Question 23

Normal INR

Answer 23

<1.1

Question 24

Exercise guideline with thrombocytopenia

Answer 24

> 20,000: no contraindication
10,000-20,000: No resistance
< 10,000: No therapy

Question 25

HDL norm

Answer 25

40-80 mg/dL

Question 26

Intracranial pressure norms

Answer 26

0-10 mmHg – Adults
0-5 mmHg – child younger than 6.

• High ICP relates to low cerebral perfusion.

Question 27

Normal diastolic pulmonary arterial pressure

Answer 27

5-15 mmHg.