Pharmacology Flashcards
what is the site of action of most diuretics?
the apical membrane of tubular cells
what must diuretics do in order to work?
enter the tubular filtrate
by what two mechanisms can diuretics enter the filtrate?
glomerular filtration
secretion into the proximal tubule via OATs and OCTS
what is an OAT?
organic anion transporter
what do OATs transport?
acidic drugs
what is an OCT?
organic cation transporter
what do OCTs transport?
basic drugs
name two loop diuretics
furosemide
bumetanide
what do loop diuretics work on?
block the triple co transporter
what are the main effects of loop diuretics?
increase sodium in filtrate
increase potassium loss
increase excretion of calcium and magnesium
how do loop diuretics enter the nephron?
via OATs
what are the four clinical indications of loop diuretics?
reduce salt and water overload
increase urine in AKI
hypertension
acute hypercalcaemia
what are the two contraindications for loop diuretics?
severe hypovolemia
dehydration
what are the three cautions for loop diuretics?
hyponatraemia
hepatic encephalopathy
gout
what low electrolyte states can loop diuretics cause?
hypokalaemia
metabolic alkalosis
hypocalcaemia
hypomagnesaemia
what are some side effects of loop diuretics?
hypovolaemia and hypotension
hyperuricemia
loss of hearing
name a thiazide diuretic
bendroflumethiazide
name two thiazide like diuretics
indapamide
metolazone
what do thiazide diuretics work on?
the sodium chloride carrier
what are the main effects of thiazide diuretics?
increase sodium delivered to collecting duct
cause potassium loss
increase reabsorption of calcium
how do thiazide diuretics enter the nephrons?
OATs
what are the main clinical indications for thiazide diuretics?
heart failure
hypertension
what are some less common uses for thiazide diuretics?
resistant oedema
renal calculi
nephrogenic DI
what is the contraindication to thiazide diuretics?
hypokalaemia
