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Y2 Renal > Cancers > Flashcards

Cancers Flashcards

1
Q

name two benign renal tumours

A

oncocytoma

angiomyolipoma

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2
Q

what is the gross appearance of an oncoytoma?

A

spherical brown tumours

have a central scar

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3
Q

what pattern is seen on CT in oncocytoma?

A

spoke wheel pattern

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4
Q

will an oncocytoma metastasise?

A

no

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5
Q

what is an oncoytoma?

A

an aggregate of eosinophils

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6
Q

how do oncocytomas present?

A

most are incidental
loin pain
haematuria

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7
Q

what is the treatment of an oncocytoma?

A

observation

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8
Q

what is an angiomyolipoma?

A

aka AML

a benign kidney tumour

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9
Q

what are the causes of AML?

A

sporadic (80%)

associated with tuberous sclerosis (20%)

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10
Q

in sporadic AML, who is the classical patient?

A

middle aged females

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11
Q

what is an AML made of?

A

blood vessels
immature smooth muscle
fat

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12
Q

how does AML present?

A

incidental often
loin pain
haematuria
palpable mass

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13
Q

what is a possible complication of AML?

A

wunderlich’s syndrome

a massive renal bleed

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14
Q

what investigations are done for AML?

A

USS

CT

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15
Q

what is the management for AML?

A

embolisation

nephrectomy

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16
Q

what is renal cell carcinoma?

A

adenocarcinoma of the renal cortex

17
Q

where is it though that renal cell carcinomas arise from?

A

the proximal convoluted tubule

18
Q

what are the five types of renal cell carcinoma?

A 
clear cell
papillary
chromophobe 
collecting duct 
medullary cell
19
Q

what causes clear cell carcinoma?

A

loss of VHL gene

20
Q

what is involved in the follow up of renal cell carcinoma?

A

FBC
kidney function
liver function
imaging

21
Q

what is the most common solid cancer in men aged 20-45?

A

testicular cancer

22
Q

what are the two types of testicular cancer?

A

seminomatous

non seminomatous

23
Q

what investigations are done for testicular cancer?

A

USS + CT
tumour markers
kidney function

24
Q

what possible tumour markers could be seen in testicular cancer?

A

AFP
HCG
LDH

25
Q

what is the initial management for testicular cancer?

A

radical inguinal orchidectomy

re check tumour markers 1 week after

26
Q

what is done if tumour markers are still raised after orchidectomy for testicular cancer?

A

CT for staging

refer to oncology for chemotherapy

27
Q

what is the most common cause of penile cancer?

A

squamous cell carcinoma

28
Q

how does a penile cancer present?

A

hard painless lump

rarely urinary retention or inguinal lymphadenopathy

29
Q

what investigations are done for penile cancer?

A

MRI

CT for staging

Y2 Renal (29 decks)

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