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Y2 Renal > Histology > Flashcards

Histology Flashcards

1
Q

what two hormones do the kidneys produce?

A

renin

erythropoietin

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2
Q

what is the renal capsule made of?

A

dense collagen fibres

a very thin layer

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3
Q

what is considered to make up a “lobe” of the kidney?

A

a medullary pyramid and its associated cortical tissue

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4
Q

what does the renal sinus consist of?

A

adipose tissue

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5
Q

what is the cortex that extends around the medullary pyramids called?

A

the renal columns

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6
Q

what are the stripes in the cortex called?

A

medullary rays

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7
Q

what is the renal capsule continuous with?

A

the connective tissue that lines the renal sinus

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8
Q

what is the basic functional unit of the kidney?

A

the nephron

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9
Q

what makes up a nephron? (2)

A

renal corpuscle

renal tubules

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10
Q

what is the role of the renal corpuscle?

A

production and collection of glomerular filtrate

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11
Q

what forms the renal corpuscle?

A

the glomerulus

the bowman’s capsule

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12
Q

what supplies the glomerulus?

A

the afferent arteriole

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13
Q

what drains the glomerulus?

A

the efferent arteriole

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14
Q

what are the two cell layers separating blood from filtrate in the corpuscle?

A

capillary endothelium

specialised epithelium of the capsule

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15
Q

what is the space between the two layers of the renal corpuscle called?

A

the urinary space

this is where the filtrate accumulates

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16
Q

what are the specialised epithelial cells of the renal corpuscle called?

A

podocytes

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17
Q

what are the two poles of the renal corpuscle?

A

vascular pole

urinary pole

18
Q

what makes up the core of the glomerulus?

A

mesangial cells and their extracellular matrix

collectively = the mesangium

19
Q

what are the three components of the glomerular filter?

A

endothelium of the capillary wall
thick basement membrane
filtration slits between podocytes

20
Q

what is the role of the proximal convoluted tubule?

A

reabsorption of water, proteins, AA’s, carbs and glucose

21
Q

where in the kidney is the proximal convoluted tubule located?

A

the cortex

22
Q

how is sodium reabsorbed?

A

by active transport

23
Q

how is water reabsorbed?

A

by diffusion

24
Q

how are glucose and amino acids reabsorbed?

A

by co transport

25
Q

which is larger - the proximal or distal convoluted tubule?

A

proximal

26
Q

why is the margin of the PCT less defined?

A

due to the presence of a brush border

27
Q

where in the kidney is the loop of henle found?

A

the medulla

28
Q

what is the role of the loop of henle?

A

create the hyperosmotic environment of the medulla

29
Q

what are the four parts of the loop of henle?

A

thick descending
thin descending
thin ascending
thick ascending

30
Q

what lines the thick limbs of the loop of henle?

A

simple cuboidal epithelium

31
Q

what lines the thin limbs of the loop of henle?

A

simple squamous epithelium

32
Q

what creates the blood supply to the medulla?

A

the vasa recta

33
Q

where in the kidney is the distal convoluted tubule located?

A

the cortex

34
Q

what is the role of the DCT?

A

acid base balance

water balance

35
Q

what controls reabsorption of sodium ions in the DCT?

A

aldosterone

36
Q

what is the role of the collecting ducts?

A

reabsorption of water under the control of ADH

37
Q

what lines most of the conducting parts of the urinary tract?

A

transitional epithelium

aka uroepithelium

38
Q

what lines the female urethra?

A

initially transitional

stratified squamous near the end

39
Q

what lines the prostatic urethra?

A

transitional epithelium

40
Q

where is the membranous urethra located?

A

from prostate to the bulb of the penis

41
Q

what lines the membranous urethra?

A

stratified columnar epithelium

42
Q

what lines the penile/spongy urethra?

A

stratified columnar initially

becomes stratified squamous near its termination

Y2 Renal (29 decks)

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