Anatomy - Urinary Continence and Renal System Pain Flashcards
what are the five nerve fibre modalities?
somatic sensory visceral afferent somatic motor parasympathetic sympathetic
what are the two sensory nerve modalities?
somatic sensory
visceral afferent
what are the three motor nerve modalities?
somatic motor
parasympathetic
sympathetic
what do somatic sensory nerves carry?
sensations from the body wall
what do visceral afferent nerves carry?
sensations from the organs
what do somatic motor nerves carry?
motor responses to the body wall
what do parasympathetic and sympathetic fibres carry?
motor responses to the organs
what nerves control ureteric peristalsis?
autonomics
what nerves control bladder contraction?
autonomics
what nerves control urethral sphincter control?
internal = autonomics external = somatic motor
where do sympathetics to the urinary tract leave the spinal cord?
between T10 and L2
how do sympathetics to the urinary tract leave the spinal cord?
within abdominopelvic splanchnic nerves
where do the sympathetics to the urinary tract synapse?
the abdominal sympathetic ganglia
around the abdominal aorta
how do post synaptic sympathetic nerves reach their tissues?
in periarterial plexuses
where are parasympathetics for the kidney and ureter carried in?
the vagus nerve
where are parasympathetics for the bladder carried in?
the pelvic splanchnic nerves
what part of the urinary system receives somatic motor innervation?
those in the perineum - the urethra and its external sphincter
where is pain from the kidney felt?
in the loin
where can pain from renal calculi obstructing the ureter be felt?
radiating from loin to groin on the affected side
where is pain from the bladder usually felt?
in the suprapubic region
where is pain from the perineal part of the urethra felt?
localised in the perineum
where do visceral afferent nerve fibres from the kidneys enter the spinal cord?
between T11 and L1
run alongside sympathetics to get here
where do visceral afferents from the ureter enter the spinal cord?
between T11 and L2
run alongside sympathetics to get here
where do visceral afferents from the part of the bladder in contact with the peritoneum enter the spinal cord?
between levels T11 and L2
run alongside sympathetics to get here
where do visceral afferents from the rest of the bladder enter the spinal cord?
S2, 3 and 4
run alongside parasympathetics to get here
where do visceral afferents from the proximal urethra enter the spinal cord?
S2-S4
run alongside parasympathetics to get here
what are somatic sensory fibres from the distal urethra carried in and where do they enter the spinal cord?
the pudendal nerve
S2-S4
where do visceral afferent fibres from the testes enter the spinal cord?
T10-T11
run alongside sympathetics
where can pain from the testes often present due to their close contact with the scrotal wall?
localised to the scrotum or groin
this is the region of L1
what senses filling of the bladder and where is this information relayed to?
stretch receptors in visceral afferent fibres
to the CNS via S2-4 spinal cord levels
what does the body do when it senses the bladder is full?
reflex occurs that stimulates the detrusor muscle and inhibits the internal sphincter (in males)
however, the brain overrides this reflex until it is appropriate
