Anatomy - Urinary Continence and Renal System Pain

Question 1

what are the five nerve fibre modalities?

Answer 1

somatic sensory 
visceral afferent 
somatic motor 
parasympathetic 
sympathetic

Question 2

what are the two sensory nerve modalities?

Answer 2

somatic sensory

visceral afferent

Question 3

what are the three motor nerve modalities?

Answer 3

somatic motor
parasympathetic
sympathetic

Question 4

what do somatic sensory nerves carry?

Answer 4

sensations from the body wall

Question 5

what do visceral afferent nerves carry?

Answer 5

sensations from the organs

Question 6

what do somatic motor nerves carry?

Answer 6

motor responses to the body wall

Question 7

what do parasympathetic and sympathetic fibres carry?

Answer 7

motor responses to the organs

Question 8

what nerves control ureteric peristalsis?

Answer 8

autonomics

Question 9

what nerves control bladder contraction?

Answer 9

autonomics

Question 10

what nerves control urethral sphincter control?

Answer 10

internal = autonomics 
external = somatic motor

Question 11

where do sympathetics to the urinary tract leave the spinal cord?

Answer 11

between T10 and L2

Question 12

how do sympathetics to the urinary tract leave the spinal cord?

Answer 12

within abdominopelvic splanchnic nerves

Question 13

where do the sympathetics to the urinary tract synapse?

Answer 13

the abdominal sympathetic ganglia

around the abdominal aorta

Question 14

how do post synaptic sympathetic nerves reach their tissues?

Answer 14

in periarterial plexuses

Question 15

where are parasympathetics for the kidney and ureter carried in?

Answer 15

the vagus nerve

Question 16

where are parasympathetics for the bladder carried in?

Answer 16

the pelvic splanchnic nerves

Question 17

what part of the urinary system receives somatic motor innervation?

Answer 17

those in the perineum - the urethra and its external sphincter

Question 18

where is pain from the kidney felt?

Answer 18

in the loin

Question 19

where can pain from renal calculi obstructing the ureter be felt?

Answer 19

radiating from loin to groin on the affected side

Question 20

where is pain from the bladder usually felt?

Answer 20

in the suprapubic region

Question 21

where is pain from the perineal part of the urethra felt?

Answer 21

localised in the perineum

Question 22

where do visceral afferent nerve fibres from the kidneys enter the spinal cord?

Answer 22

between T11 and L1

run alongside sympathetics to get here

Question 23

where do visceral afferents from the ureter enter the spinal cord?

Answer 23

between T11 and L2

run alongside sympathetics to get here

Question 24

where do visceral afferents from the part of the bladder in contact with the peritoneum enter the spinal cord?

Answer 24

between levels T11 and L2

run alongside sympathetics to get here

Question 25

where do visceral afferents from the rest of the bladder enter the spinal cord?

Answer 25

S2, 3 and 4

run alongside parasympathetics to get here

Question 26

where do visceral afferents from the proximal urethra enter the spinal cord?

Answer 26

S2-S4

run alongside parasympathetics to get here

Question 27

what are somatic sensory fibres from the distal urethra carried in and where do they enter the spinal cord?

Answer 27

the pudendal nerve

S2-S4

Question 28

where do visceral afferent fibres from the testes enter the spinal cord?

Answer 28

T10-T11

run alongside sympathetics

Question 29

where can pain from the testes often present due to their close contact with the scrotal wall?

Answer 29

localised to the scrotum or groin

this is the region of L1

Question 30

what senses filling of the bladder and where is this information relayed to?

Answer 30

stretch receptors in visceral afferent fibres

to the CNS via S2-4 spinal cord levels

Question 31

what does the body do when it senses the bladder is full?

Answer 31

reflex occurs that stimulates the detrusor muscle and inhibits the internal sphincter (in males)

however, the brain overrides this reflex until it is appropriate