Acute Kidney Injury

Question 1

what is the definition of AKI?

Answer 1

an abrupt reduction in kidney function in under 48 hours

Question 2

what change in serum creatinine suggests AKI?

Answer 2

increase by >26.4umol/l

Question 3

what change in creatinine suggests AKI?

Answer 3

increase by 50%

Question 4

what change in urine output suggests AKI?

Answer 4

reduction

Question 5

how is AKI staged?

Answer 5

using the KDIGO staging criteria

Question 6

what are the risk factors related to patients for AKI? (5)

Answer 6

older age 
CKD or AKI 
diabetes 
cardiac failure 
liver disease

Question 7

what are the risk factors related to exposure for AKI? (4)

Answer 7

hypotension + hypovolemia
sepsis
deteriorating NEWS
exposure to nephrotoxic drugs

Question 8

what are the three types of AKI classified by cause?

Answer 8

pre renal
renal
post renal

Question 9

what causes pre-renal AKI?

Answer 9

anything that reduces perfusion to the kidneys

hypovolaemia, hypotension, hypoperfusion

Question 10

what is the normal value for urine output?

Answer 10

0.5ml/kg/hour

Question 11

what is the pathophysiology behind pre-renal AKI?

Answer 11

reversible volume depletion leads to oliguria and raised creatinine

Question 12

what volume of urine is considered to be oliguria?

Answer 12

less than 0.5ml/kg/hour

Question 13

what does untreated pre-renal AKI lead to?

Answer 13

acute tubular necrosis

Question 14

what are some common causes of acute tubular necrosis?

Answer 14

sepsis

severe dehydration

Question 15

what causes renal AKI?

Answer 15

anything that causes inflammation or damage to kidney cells

Question 16

what causes post renal AKI?

Answer 16

obstruction of urine flow leading to back pressure in the kidney

Question 17

what is a normal value for potassium?

Answer 17

3.5-5

Question 18

what value of potassium suggests hyperkalaemia?

Answer 18

> 5.5

> 6.5is life threatening