Glomerulonephritis Flashcards
which is more common - acute or chronic GN?
chronic
what is glomerulonephritis?
immune mediated diseases of the kidneys affecting the glomeruli
causing tubular damage and scarring
what is the pathogenesis behind GN?
immune components cause damage to the glomerular barrier, leading to haematuria and proteinuria
what type of lesion is caused by damage to the endothelial or mesangial cells in GN?
proliferative
damage to which cells in GN leads to haematuria?
endothelial or mesangial
what type of lesion is caused by damage to the podocyte cells in GN?
non proliferative
damage to which cells in GN leads to proteinuria?
podocytes
what four things are done to diagnose GN?
clinical examination
bloods
urinalysis
kidney biopsy
what is microalbuminuria?
30-300mg albuminuria/day
what is asymptomatic proteinuria?
<1g/day
what is heavy proteinuria?
1-3g/day
what value of proteinuria is present in nephrotic syndrome?
> 3g/day
what is the most common cause of GN?
idiopathic
what does proliferative mean in GN?
presence of proliferation of mesangial cells
what does non-proliferative mean in GN?
absence of proliferation of mesangial cells
what does focal mean in GN?
<50% of the glomeruli are affected
what does diffuse mean in GN?
> 50% of the glomeruli are affected
what does global mean in GN?
all of the glomerulus is affected
what does segmental mean in GN?
part of the glomerulus is affected
what are the two overall groups of treatment for GN?
non immunosuppressive
immunosuppressive
what is involved in the non immunosuppressive management of GN?
anti-hypertensives
ACE/ARB
diuretics
statins
what is the target BP in GN?
<130/80
what is the target BP in GN with proteinuria?
<120/75
what immunosuppressive drugs can be used for GN?
corticosteroids
azathioprine
calcineurin inhibitors
what are the five main types of GN?
minimal change FSGS membranous membranoproliferative IgA nephropathy
what is affected in minimal change disease?
podocytes
what is the most common cause of nephrotic syndrome in children?
minimal change disease
what is the first line treatment for minimal change disease?
steroids
what is the second line drug for minimal change disease?
cyclophosphamide
what does FSGS stand for?
focal segmental glomerulosclerosis
what is the most common cause of nephrotic syndrome in adults?
FSGS
what can cause FSGS?
idiopathic
HIV
obesity
what can cause membranous nephropathy?
idiopathic infections CTD's malignancies drugs
what is seen on renal biopsy in membranous nephropathy?
subepithelial immune complex deposition in the basement membrane
what is the management of membranous nephropathy?
steroids
alkylating agents
B cell monoclonal antibodies
what is the most common cause of GN?
IgA nephropathy
what is IgA nephropathy associated with?
HSP
how is IgA nephropathy managed?
BP control
ACE/ARBs
