Glomerulonephritis

Question 1

which is more common - acute or chronic GN?

Answer 1

chronic

Question 2

what is glomerulonephritis?

Answer 2

immune mediated diseases of the kidneys affecting the glomeruli

causing tubular damage and scarring

Question 3

what is the pathogenesis behind GN?

Answer 3

immune components cause damage to the glomerular barrier, leading to haematuria and proteinuria

Question 4

what type of lesion is caused by damage to the endothelial or mesangial cells in GN?

Answer 4

proliferative

Question 5

damage to which cells in GN leads to haematuria?

Answer 5

endothelial or mesangial

Question 6

what type of lesion is caused by damage to the podocyte cells in GN?

Answer 6

non proliferative

Question 7

damage to which cells in GN leads to proteinuria?

Answer 7

podocytes

Question 8

what four things are done to diagnose GN?

Answer 8

clinical examination
bloods
urinalysis
kidney biopsy

Question 9

what is microalbuminuria?

Answer 9

30-300mg albuminuria/day

Question 10

what is asymptomatic proteinuria?

Answer 10

<1g/day

Question 11

what is heavy proteinuria?

Answer 11

1-3g/day

Question 12

what value of proteinuria is present in nephrotic syndrome?

Answer 12

> 3g/day

Question 13

what is the most common cause of GN?

Answer 13

idiopathic

Question 14

what does proliferative mean in GN?

Answer 14

presence of proliferation of mesangial cells

Question 15

what does non-proliferative mean in GN?

Answer 15

absence of proliferation of mesangial cells

Question 16

what does focal mean in GN?

Answer 16

<50% of the glomeruli are affected

Question 17

what does diffuse mean in GN?

Answer 17

> 50% of the glomeruli are affected

Question 18

what does global mean in GN?

Answer 18

all of the glomerulus is affected

Question 19

what does segmental mean in GN?

Answer 19

part of the glomerulus is affected

Question 20

what are the two overall groups of treatment for GN?

Answer 20

non immunosuppressive

immunosuppressive

Question 21

what is involved in the non immunosuppressive management of GN?

Answer 21

anti-hypertensives
ACE/ARB
diuretics
statins

Question 22

what is the target BP in GN?

Answer 22

<130/80

Question 23

what is the target BP in GN with proteinuria?

Answer 23

<120/75

Question 24

what immunosuppressive drugs can be used for GN?

Answer 24

corticosteroids
azathioprine
calcineurin inhibitors

Question 25

what are the five main types of GN?

Answer 25

minimal change 
FSGS 
membranous 
membranoproliferative 
IgA nephropathy

Question 26

what is affected in minimal change disease?

Answer 26

podocytes

Question 27

what is the most common cause of nephrotic syndrome in children?

Answer 27

minimal change disease

Question 28

what is the first line treatment for minimal change disease?

Answer 28

steroids

Question 29

what is the second line drug for minimal change disease?

Answer 29

cyclophosphamide

Question 30

what does FSGS stand for?

Answer 30

focal segmental glomerulosclerosis

Question 31

what is the most common cause of nephrotic syndrome in adults?

Answer 31

FSGS

Question 32

what can cause FSGS?

Answer 32

idiopathic
HIV
obesity

Question 33

what can cause membranous nephropathy?

Answer 33

idiopathic 
infections 
CTD's
malignancies 
drugs

Question 34

what is seen on renal biopsy in membranous nephropathy?

Answer 34

subepithelial immune complex deposition in the basement membrane

Question 35

what is the management of membranous nephropathy?

Answer 35

steroids
alkylating agents
B cell monoclonal antibodies

Question 36

what is the most common cause of GN?

Answer 36

IgA nephropathy

Question 37

what is IgA nephropathy associated with?

Answer 37

HSP

Question 38

how is IgA nephropathy managed?

Answer 38

BP control

ACE/ARBs