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Y2 Renal > Anatomy - Upper Urinary Tract > Flashcards

Anatomy - Upper Urinary Tract Flashcards

1
Q

name the structures of the urinary tract from top to bottom

A

kidney
ureter
bladder
urethra

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2
Q

what does the kidney do?

A

produces urine

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3
Q

what does the ureter do?

A

drains urine from the kidney to the bladder

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4
Q

what does the bladder do?

A

stores and voids urine

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5
Q

what does the urethra do?

A

excretes urine (+ semen in males)

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6
Q

what are the two main divisions of the urinary tract?

A

upper and lower

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7
Q

what makes up the upper urinary tract?

A

kidneys

ureters

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8
Q

where can an upper UTI spread to?

A

the kidneys

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9
Q

what makes up the lower urinary tract?

A

bladder

urethra

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10
Q

what parts of the urinary tract are found in the abdomen?

A

kidneys

proximal ureters

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11
Q

what parts of the urinary tract are found in the pelvis?

A

distal ureters
bladder
proximal urethra

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12
Q

what type of abdominal organ is the kidney?

A

retroperitoneal

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13
Q

what part of the urinary tract is located in the perineum?

A

distal urethra

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14
Q

what are the three structures of the renal hilum?

A

renal artery
renal vein
ureter

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15
Q

what is the most anterior structure of the renal hilum?

A

renal vein

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16
Q

what is the most posterior structure of the renal hilum?

A

renal artery

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17
Q

what is the most inferior structure of the renal hilum?

A

ureter

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18
Q

what are the three layers of the muscles of the anterolateral abdominal wall?

A

external oblique
internal oblique
transversus abdominis

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19
Q

what lies laterally to the kidneys?

A

anterolateral abdominal wall muscles

20
Q

where is the hilum of the kidney found?

A

at the medial aspect of the kidney

21
Q

what are the five layers of tissue found anteriorly to the kidneys?

A 
renal capsule 
perinephric fat 
renal fascia 
paranephric fat 
visceral peritoneum
22
Q

what are the two types of fat around the kidney?

A

perinephric - liquidy

paranephric - normal fat

23
Q

what is another name for the renal fascia?

A

deep fascia of the kidneys

24
Q

what is found posterior to the kidney?

A

quadratus lumborum

psoas major

25
Q

what is the renal artery a branch of?

A

the abdominal aorta

26
Q

why is the right kidney slightly lower than the left?

A

due to the liver

27
Q

what vertebral level does the right kidney lie at?

A

L1-L3

28
Q

what vertebral level does the left kidney lie at?

A

T12-L2

29
Q

what ribs are found posterior to the kidneys?

A

11+12 - floating ribs

30
Q

what quadrant are the kidneys located in?

A

right and left upper

31
Q

what region are the kidneys located in?

A

lumbar

aka flank

32
Q

what is palpating the kidneys called?

A

balloting

33
Q

what direction do the kidneys move when breathing?

A 
inspiration = inferior 
expiration = superior
34
Q

what is the right kidney found posterior to? (4)

A

liver
2nd part of duodenum
ascending colon
right colic flexure

35
Q

what is the left kidney found posterior to? (4)

A

stomach
tail of pancreas
hilum of spleen
splenic vessels

36
Q

where does lymph from the kidneys drain?

A

lumbar nodes

37
Q

where does the abdominal aorta bifurcate?

A

umbilicus level

38
Q

what five vessels give branches to supply the ureter?

A 
renal artery 
abdominal aorta 
common iliac artery 
internal iliac artery 
vesical artery
39
Q

where does lymph from the ureter drain?

A

lumbar nodes

iliac nodes

40
Q

what are two possible causes of having one kidney?

A

agenesis

nephrectomy

41
Q

what are the outer and inner parts of the kidney called?

A

outer cortex

inner medulla

42
Q

what makes up the real medulla?

A

renal pyramids

43
Q

what are the renal pyramids made of?

A

nephrons

regularly arranged to give striped appearance

44
Q

what is the sequence of drainage through the kidneys?

A 
nephrons 
minor calyx 
major calyx 
renal pelvis 
ureter
45
Q

what is the pelviureteric junction?

A

where the wider renal pelvis becomes the narrow ureter

46
Q

what are the three costriction sites within the renal system?

A

pelviureteric junction

ureter crossing the common iliac artery

ureteric orifice

47
Q

where does the ureter enter the bladder?

A

the ureteric orifice

Y2 Renal (29 decks)

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