Anatomy - Upper Urinary Tract Flashcards
name the structures of the urinary tract from top to bottom
kidney
ureter
bladder
urethra
what does the kidney do?
produces urine
what does the ureter do?
drains urine from the kidney to the bladder
what does the bladder do?
stores and voids urine
what does the urethra do?
excretes urine (+ semen in males)
what are the two main divisions of the urinary tract?
upper and lower
what makes up the upper urinary tract?
kidneys
ureters
where can an upper UTI spread to?
the kidneys
what makes up the lower urinary tract?
bladder
urethra
what parts of the urinary tract are found in the abdomen?
kidneys
proximal ureters
what parts of the urinary tract are found in the pelvis?
distal ureters
bladder
proximal urethra
what type of abdominal organ is the kidney?
retroperitoneal
what part of the urinary tract is located in the perineum?
distal urethra
what are the three structures of the renal hilum?
renal artery
renal vein
ureter
what is the most anterior structure of the renal hilum?
renal vein
what is the most posterior structure of the renal hilum?
renal artery
what is the most inferior structure of the renal hilum?
ureter
what are the three layers of the muscles of the anterolateral abdominal wall?
external oblique
internal oblique
transversus abdominis
what lies laterally to the kidneys?
anterolateral abdominal wall muscles
where is the hilum of the kidney found?
at the medial aspect of the kidney
what are the five layers of tissue found anteriorly to the kidneys?
renal capsule perinephric fat renal fascia paranephric fat visceral peritoneum
what are the two types of fat around the kidney?
perinephric - liquidy
paranephric - normal fat
what is another name for the renal fascia?
deep fascia of the kidneys
what is found posterior to the kidney?
quadratus lumborum
psoas major
what is the renal artery a branch of?
the abdominal aorta
why is the right kidney slightly lower than the left?
due to the liver
what vertebral level does the right kidney lie at?
L1-L3
what vertebral level does the left kidney lie at?
T12-L2
what ribs are found posterior to the kidneys?
11+12 - floating ribs
what quadrant are the kidneys located in?
right and left upper
what region are the kidneys located in?
lumbar
aka flank
what is palpating the kidneys called?
balloting
what direction do the kidneys move when breathing?
inspiration = inferior expiration = superior
what is the right kidney found posterior to? (4)
liver
2nd part of duodenum
ascending colon
right colic flexure
what is the left kidney found posterior to? (4)
stomach
tail of pancreas
hilum of spleen
splenic vessels
where does lymph from the kidneys drain?
lumbar nodes
where does the abdominal aorta bifurcate?
umbilicus level
what five vessels give branches to supply the ureter?
renal artery abdominal aorta common iliac artery internal iliac artery vesical artery
where does lymph from the ureter drain?
lumbar nodes
iliac nodes
what are two possible causes of having one kidney?
agenesis
nephrectomy
what are the outer and inner parts of the kidney called?
outer cortex
inner medulla
what makes up the real medulla?
renal pyramids
what are the renal pyramids made of?
nephrons
regularly arranged to give striped appearance
what is the sequence of drainage through the kidneys?
nephrons minor calyx major calyx renal pelvis ureter
what is the pelviureteric junction?
where the wider renal pelvis becomes the narrow ureter
what are the three costriction sites within the renal system?
pelviureteric junction
ureter crossing the common iliac artery
ureteric orifice
where does the ureter enter the bladder?
the ureteric orifice
