Anatomy - Lower Urinary Tract

Question 1

what are the two parts of the pelvis?

Answer 1

true pelvis

false pelvis

Question 2

where is the false pelvis found?

Answer 2

from iliac crests to pelvic inlet

Question 3

where is the true pelvis found?

Answer 3

pelvic inlet to pelvic floor

Question 4

what is the false pelvis part of?

Answer 4

the abdominal cavity

Question 5

what is another name for the true pelvis?

Answer 5

pelvic cavity

Question 6

where is the bladder found?

Answer 6

the pelvic cavity

Question 7

name one muscle of the pelvic floor?

Answer 7

levator ani

Question 8

what is the perineum?

Answer 8

a shallow compartment between the pelvic floor muscles and the skin

Question 9

where do the ureters pass as they enter the true pelvis?

Answer 9

anterior common iliac vessels

Question 10

what happens to the ureters at the level of the ischial spine?

Answer 10

they turn medially to enter the posterior aspect of the bladder

Question 11

what word can be used to describe the route the ureters take to the bladder?

Answer 11

subperitoneal

Question 12

what direction do the ureters enter the bladder at and why?

Answer 12

inferomedial

helps prevent urine reflux

Question 13

what does the ureter run inferiorly to in females?

Answer 13

uterine tubes

uterine artery

Question 14

what does the ureter run inferiorly to in males?

Answer 14

vas deferens

Question 15

what is the most inferior part of the male peritoneal cavity?

Answer 15

the rectovesical pouch

Question 16

what does the round ligament of the uterus do?

Answer 16

attaches the uterus to the perineum, via the inguinal canal

Question 17

what is the most inferior part of the female peritoneal cavity?

Answer 17

the rectouterine pouch

aka the pouch of Douglas

Question 18

what artery branches to give most of the arteries in the pelvis?

Answer 18

internal iliac

Question 19

what artery gives off the prostatic artery?

Answer 19

vesical artery

Question 20

where do the veins in the pelvis drain to?

Answer 20

the internal iliac vein

Question 21

what three things form the trigone of the bladder

Answer 21

2 ureteric orifices

internal urethral orifice

Question 22

what is the smooth part of the internal bladder called?

Answer 22

the trigone

Question 23

what muscle forms the majority of the bladder wall?

Answer 23

the detrusor muscle

Question 24

what type of muscle is the detrusor muscle?

Answer 24

smooth

Question 25

why do detrusor muscle fibres encircle the ureteric orifices?

Answer 25

tighten when the bladder contracts to prevent reflux up the ureter

Question 26

what does the detrusor muscle form in the neck of the male bladder and why?

Answer 26

the internal urethral sphincter muscle prevents retrograde ejaculation into the bladder

Question 27

what is the most anterior organ in the pelvis?

Answer 27

the bladder

Question 28

what does the empty bladder lie posterior to?

Answer 28

the pubic bone

Question 29

what lies superior to the bladder in a female?

Answer 29

the uterus

Question 30

what separates the bladder from the uterus?

Answer 30

the uterovesical pouch

Question 31

what lies inferior to the bladder in males?

Answer 31

the prostate

Question 32

where does an empty bladder lie?

Answer 32

the pelvic cavity

Question 33

what surface of the bladder is covered with peritoneum?

Answer 33

superior only

Question 34

where can a full bladder lie?

Answer 34

can extend into the false pelvis

Question 35

what are the two possible routes for catheterising a patient?

Answer 35

urethral | suprapubic

Question 36

what do the testes sit within inside the scrotum?

Answer 36

the tunica vaginalis

Question 37

what are the two layers of the tunica vaginalis called?

Answer 37

visceral | parietal

Question 38

what is excess fluid within the tunica vaginalis called?

Answer 38

a hydrocele

Question 39

in a male, what structures pass through the deep inguinal ring and into the inguinal canal (5)

Answer 39

``` testicular artery testicular vein vas deferens lymphatics nerves ```

Question 40

what does the testicular artery arise from?

Answer 40

the abdominal aorta

Question 41

where does the right testicular vein drain?

Answer 41

the inferior vena cava

Question 42

where does the left testicular vein drain?

Answer 42

the left renal vein, which then drains into the IVC

Question 43

what does the prostate gland surround?

Answer 43

the prostatic urethra

Question 44

what is the inferior aspect of the prostate in contact with?

Answer 44

levator ani muscles

Question 45

where do the secretions from the prostate drain?

Answer 45

into the prostatic urethra through the prostatic ducts

Question 46

what are the zones of the prostate?

Answer 46

peripheral (2) | central

Question 47

what part of the prostate is felt on PR exam?

Answer 47

peripheral zone

Question 48

where do most prostate cancers arise?

Answer 48

the peripheral zone

Question 49

where is the penis located?

Answer 49

the perineum

Question 50

what are the three cylinders of erectile tissue?

Answer 50

corpus spongiosum | corpus cavernosum - right and left

Question 51

where does the root of the penis attach?

Answer 51

the ischium

Question 52

what does the blood supply to the penis consist of?

Answer 52

deep arteries of the penis | branches of the pudendal artery

Question 53

what is the pudendal artery a branch of?

Answer 53

the internal iliac

Question 54

what does the blood supply to the scrotum consist of?

Answer 54

internal pudendal artery | branches from the external iliac

Question 55

where does lymph from the scrotum and most of the penis drain?

Answer 55

superficial inguinal nodes excludes the glans

Question 56

where does lymph from the testes drain?

Answer 56

lumbar nodes