Anatomy - Lower Urinary Tract Flashcards
what are the two parts of the pelvis?
true pelvis
false pelvis
where is the false pelvis found?
from iliac crests to pelvic inlet
where is the true pelvis found?
pelvic inlet to pelvic floor
what is the false pelvis part of?
the abdominal cavity
what is another name for the true pelvis?
pelvic cavity
where is the bladder found?
the pelvic cavity
name one muscle of the pelvic floor?
levator ani
what is the perineum?
a shallow compartment between the pelvic floor muscles and the skin
where do the ureters pass as they enter the true pelvis?
anterior common iliac vessels
what happens to the ureters at the level of the ischial spine?
they turn medially to enter the posterior aspect of the bladder
what word can be used to describe the route the ureters take to the bladder?
subperitoneal
what direction do the ureters enter the bladder at and why?
inferomedial
helps prevent urine reflux
what does the ureter run inferiorly to in females?
uterine tubes
uterine artery
what does the ureter run inferiorly to in males?
vas deferens
what is the most inferior part of the male peritoneal cavity?
the rectovesical pouch
what does the round ligament of the uterus do?
attaches the uterus to the perineum, via the inguinal canal
what is the most inferior part of the female peritoneal cavity?
the rectouterine pouch
aka the pouch of Douglas
what artery branches to give most of the arteries in the pelvis?
internal iliac
what artery gives off the prostatic artery?
vesical artery
where do the veins in the pelvis drain to?
the internal iliac vein
what three things form the trigone of the bladder
2 ureteric orifices
internal urethral orifice
what is the smooth part of the internal bladder called?
the trigone
what muscle forms the majority of the bladder wall?
the detrusor muscle
what type of muscle is the detrusor muscle?
smooth
why do detrusor muscle fibres encircle the ureteric orifices?
tighten when the bladder contracts to prevent reflux up the ureter
what does the detrusor muscle form in the neck of the male bladder and why?
the internal urethral sphincter muscle
prevents retrograde ejaculation into the bladder
what is the most anterior organ in the pelvis?
the bladder
what does the empty bladder lie posterior to?
the pubic bone
what lies superior to the bladder in a female?
the uterus
what separates the bladder from the uterus?
the uterovesical pouch
what lies inferior to the bladder in males?
the prostate
where does an empty bladder lie?
the pelvic cavity
what surface of the bladder is covered with peritoneum?
superior only
where can a full bladder lie?
can extend into the false pelvis
what are the two possible routes for catheterising a patient?
urethral
suprapubic
what do the testes sit within inside the scrotum?
the tunica vaginalis
what are the two layers of the tunica vaginalis called?
visceral
parietal
what is excess fluid within the tunica vaginalis called?
a hydrocele
in a male, what structures pass through the deep inguinal ring and into the inguinal canal (5)
testicular artery testicular vein vas deferens lymphatics nerves
what does the testicular artery arise from?
the abdominal aorta
where does the right testicular vein drain?
the inferior vena cava
where does the left testicular vein drain?
the left renal vein, which then drains into the IVC
what does the prostate gland surround?
the prostatic urethra
what is the inferior aspect of the prostate in contact with?
levator ani muscles
where do the secretions from the prostate drain?
into the prostatic urethra through the prostatic ducts
what are the zones of the prostate?
peripheral (2)
central
what part of the prostate is felt on PR exam?
peripheral zone
where do most prostate cancers arise?
the peripheral zone
where is the penis located?
the perineum
what are the three cylinders of erectile tissue?
corpus spongiosum
corpus cavernosum - right and left
where does the root of the penis attach?
the ischium
what does the blood supply to the penis consist of?
deep arteries of the penis
branches of the pudendal artery
what is the pudendal artery a branch of?
the internal iliac
what does the blood supply to the scrotum consist of?
internal pudendal artery
branches from the external iliac
where does lymph from the scrotum and most of the penis drain?
superficial inguinal nodes
excludes the glans
where does lymph from the testes drain?
lumbar nodes
