Pharmacologic Therapy - Dermatology Flashcards
describe SKIN
is the LARGEST ORGAN of the body
what are the TWO LAYERS of the skin?
- DERMIS
- EPIDERMIS
what are some typical FUNCTIONS of the skin?
- protective barrier
- temperature regulation
- excretion
- absorption for drugs
- vitamin D synthesizer
what are some COMMON SKIN DISORDERS?
- dermatitis
- eczema
- acne vulgaris
- psoriasis
- basal/squamous cell carcinoma
- melanoma
which categories of TOPICAL DERMATOLOGIC DRUGS will we focus on?
- ANTIBACTERIAL DRUGS
- ANTI-ACNE DRUGS
- ANTI-FUNGAL DRUGS
- ANTI-PRUITIC DRUGS
- SUNSCREEN/WOUND CARE DRUGS
what skin conditions do ANTIBACTERIAL DRUGS typically target?
- often Streptococcus pyogenes & Staphylococcus aureus
- FOLLICULITIS
- IMPETIGO
- FURNUCLES
- CARBUNCLES
- CELLULITIS
- PUSTULES
- VESICLES
- PAPULES
what are the COMMON ANTIBACTERIAL DRUGS? (5)
- bacitracin
- polymyxin
- neomycin
- neomycin & polymyxin B [NEOSPORIN]
- *mupirocin - becoming less effective due to resistance to MRSA
bacitracin
- type of POLYPEPTIDE ANTIBIOTIC
- applied TOPICALLY for TREATMENT or PREVENTION of local skin infections
- targets; both aerobic & anaerobic cocci/corynebacteria/clostridia
- MOA:
- inhibits bacterial cell wall synthesis - leads to CELL DEATH
- can be either BACTERICIDAL or BACTERIOSTATIC - depending on the causative organism
- minimal adverse reactions; regular skin rash/anaphylactoid reactions
neomycin & polymyxin B (NEOSPORIN)
- both BROAD-SPECTRUM ANTIBIOTICS
- used for MINOR SKIN WOUNDS
- is available as a COMBINATION; NEOSPORIN
- *Neosporin ointment - contains BACITRACIN
Mupirocin (bactroban)
- type of ANTIBACTERIAL PRODUCT
- used to treat STAPH & STREP IMPETIGO
- can be used TOPICALLY and INTRANASALLY to also treat NASAL COLONIZATION with MRSA
Silver Sulfadiazine
helps with the PREVENTION & TREATMENT OF INFECTIONS IN BURNS
- acts on the CELL MEMBRANE and the CELL WALL of susceptible bacteria
- **should not be used with patients who have allergies to SULFONAMIDE DRUGS
what is the MOST COMMON SKIN DISORDER?
acne vulgaris
what ANTI-ACNE DRUGS do we use to TREAT ACNE? (6)
- BENZOYL PEROXIDE
- ERYTHROMYCIN
- TETRACYCLINE
- ISOTRETINOIN
- CLINDAMYCIN
- VITAMIN A ACID; RETINOIC ACID
- *ANTIBIOTICS - MINOCYCLINE, DOXYCYCLINE, and TETRACYCLINE
- *ORAL CONTRACEPTIVES
benzoyl peroxide
- most common microorganism that causes acne - P. acnes (anaerobic bacterium)
- works by LIBERATING ACTIVE OXYGEN into the skin
- causes - ANTIBACTERIAL, ANTISEPTIC, DRYING, and KERATOLYTIC ACTIONS
- causes the P.acnes to try growing in an UNFAVORABLE ENVIRONMENT and soon die
- known as classes of KERATOLYTIC
- often takes around 4 - 6 weeks for improvement
- has many forms that can be used
- pregnancy category C
clindamycin
- type of ANTIBIOTIC to treat acne
- adverse effects;
- local skin reactions
- burning
- itching
- dryness
- pregnancy category B drug
isotretinoin
- an oral product indicated for the treatment of SEVERE-resistant CYSTIC ACNE
- inhibits the SEBACEOUS GLAND ACTIVITY and has ANTIKERATINIZING/ANTIINFLAMMATORY EFFECTS
- is classified as one of the PREGNANCY CATEGORY X DRUGS - a PROVEN HUMAN TERATOGEN; needs two reliable contraceptive methods / no pregnancy during use
- increased risk for SUICIDE - psychosocial reactions due to severe acne
tretinoin
- able to TREAT ACNE and reduce DERMATOLOGIC CHANGES with SUN DAMAGE
- reduces adherence of fatty acids & horny cells; these create PIMPLES
- can help with photodamage; increasing formation of fibroblasts & collagen to REBUILD the skin
- adverse effects: inflammatory reactions, red/edematous blister, SEVERE SUNBURN
describe TOPICAL FUNGAL INFECTIONS
- very difficult to remove
- most common;
CANDIDA ALBICANS - yeastlike opportunistic fungus (normal flora)
DERMATOPHYTES - TINEA/RINGWORM INFECTIONS (in foot, groin, body, scalp)
clotrimazole
- available as a LOZENGE - treats OROPHARYNGEAL CANDIDIASIS (THRUSH)
- available in many forms - to help treat SUPERFICIAL MYCOSES & CUTANEOUS CANDIDIASIS
- pregnancy category B drug
miconazole (monistat)
- a TOPICAL ANTIFUNGAL DRUG
- inhibits the growth of FUNGI, DERMATOPHYTES & YEAST
- used to treat DEMATOPHYTOSES, SUPERFICIAL MYCOSES, CUTANEOUS CANDIDIASIS, VULVOVAGINAL CANDIDIASIS
- pregnancy category C
what are TOPICAL ANTIPRUITIC DRUGS used for?
- topical dermatitis
- psoriasis
- allergic contact dermatitis
what are our TOPICAL ANTIPRURITIC DRUGS?
- OPICAL ANTIPRURITICS:
- contains ANTIHISTAMINES or CORTICOSTEROIDS
- ANTIINFLAMMATORY DRUGS:
- corticosteroids
- propylene glycol ENHANCES PENETRATION of its effects
- pregnancy category C drugs
can utilize OINTMENT FORMS; these are the most penetrating
- corticosteroids
what are some ADVERSE EFFECTS that come with topical antipruritic drugs?
- acne
- allergic contact dermatitis
- burning
- dryness
- skin fragility
describe SUNSCREENS
used to help PROTECT the skin from DAMAGE caused by UV radiation - sunlight
how are SUNSCREENS rated?
by the SUN PROTECTION FACTOR (SPF)
- ranges from 2 - 50; order of increasing potency of UV protection
- best to have SPF 15 or greater - reduces risk of SKIN CANCER & EARLY SKIN AGING
what are our WOUND CARE DRUGS?
- VITAMIN C (ASCORBIC ACID) & ZINC - helps to improve wound healing
- SODIUM HYPOCHLORITE (Dakin’s solution)
- CADEXOMER IODINE
- COLLAGENASE (SANTYL)
- BIAFINE TOPICAL EMULSION
- ACETIC ACID (VINEGAR)
