Eye & Ear Disorders Flashcards
1
Q
visual acuity
A
the ability to see sharp detail
2
Q
what are some causes of alterations in visual acuity? (6)
A
- CATARACTS (cloudy areas in the lens)
- PAPILLEDEMA (edema - optic nerve)
- DARK ADAPTATION
- GLAUCOMA (high intraocular pressure)
- RETINAL DETACHMENT
- AGE-RELATED MACULAR DEGEN
3
Q
accommodation
A
the change in the SHAPE of the lens to change FOCUS
- can have potential oculomotor nerve changes as well
4
Q
if we have alterations in ACCOMMODATION, what are its potential MANIFESTATIONS?
A
- diplopia
- blurry vision
- headaches
5
Q
presbyopia
A
loss of accommodation with age
6
Q
refraction alterations
A
- the MOST COMMON visual issue
- changes in CORNEAL CURVATURE, FOCUSING POWER OF LENS, or LENGTH OF EYE
7
Q
myopia
A
- known as NEARSIGHTEDNESS *i have this :(
- distant objects look blurry, near objects look clear
- typically a LONGER EYE
8
Q
hyperopia
A
- known as FARSIGHTEDNESS
- distant objects look clear, near objects look blurry
- typically a SHORTER EYE
9
Q
astigmatism
A
- an UNEQUAL CURVATURE of the CORNEA *i have this :(
- can COEXIST with MYOPIA, HYPEROPIA, or PRESBYOPIA
10
Q
color vision
A
- grow older > can have a more AGE-RELATED YELLOWING of the LENS
11
Q
color blindness
A
- typically a X-LINKED TRAIT
- most common; RED-GREEN color blindness
12
Q
blepharitis
A
- inflammation of the EYELIDS
- mainly caused by S. aureus or seborrheic dermatitis
13
Q
hordeolum (stye)
A
- infection of the SEBACEOUS GLANDS of the eyelids around the eyelashes
14
Q
chalazion
A
- noninfectious lipogranuloma of the MEIBOMIAN (OIL-SECRETING GLAND)
- the deep nodule within the eyelid
(causes REDNESS, SWELLING, & TENDERNESS)
15
Q
entropion
A
common eyelid malposition - lid margin turns INWARD against the eyeball
16
Q
conjunctivitis
A
- inflammation of the conjunctiva (the MM covering the front part of the eyeball)
- caused by VIRUSES most commonly
17
Q
acute bacterial conjunctivitis (pink eye)
A
- HIGHLY CONTAGIOUS - caused by staph, haemophilus, streptococcus pneum, moraxella
- proper handwashing very important/separate towels
- treated with antibiotics
18
Q
viral conjunctivitis
A
- caused by ADENOVIRUSES
- causes symptoms; watering, redness, or photophobia
19
Q
allergic conjunctivitis
A
- caused by various antigens/pollens
20
Q
trachoma (chlamydial conjunctivitis)
A
- caused by Chlamydia trachomatis
- associated with POOR HYGIENE & can cause CORNEAL SCARRING
- the LEADING CAUSE of preventable blindness in the world
21
Q
keratitis
A
- infection of the CORNEA caused by either BACTERIA or VIRUSES
22
Q
diabetic retinopathy
A
- leading cause of BLINDNESS worldwide
- very common complication of type 2 DM
- comes from HYPOXEMIA, damage to retinal BV, RBC aggregation or HT
23
Q
retinoblastoma
A
- type of RARE congenital eye tumor
- affects younger children
- can affect one or both eyes
- 40% inherited, 60% acquired
24
Q
conductive hearing loss
A
- an IMPAIRED SOUND CONDUCTION from the OUTER to INNER EAR
- can be caused by earwax impaction/cholesteatoma (skin growth–cyst or ac that fills up with skin cells, fluid)
25
sensoineural hearing loss
- have impairment in the ORGAN OF CORTI or central connections
- ex. PRESBYCUSIS - age-related hearing loss
26
mixed hearing loss
- combination of CONDUCTIVE and SENSORINEURAL LOSSES
27
functional hearing loss
- individual appears not to HEAR; does not respond to voice
- can have potential psych/social/history
28
meniere disease
- episodic disorder of the MIDDLE EAR
- causes EXCESSIVE PRESSURE in the labyrinth
29
otitis externa
- infection of the OUTER EAR
- commonly caused by BACTERIA
- often follows PROLONGED MOISTURE EXPOSURE (ex. swimmer's ear)
30
otitis media
- common infection seen in INFANTS or KIDS
31
acute otitis media (aom)
- causes ear pain, fevers, irritability, inflamed tympanic membranes, fluid (seen in the MIDDLE EAR)
- *BULDING TYMPANIC MEMBRANE due to fluid accumulation
32
otitis media with effusion
- presence of fluid in MIDDLE EAR w/o symptoms of acute infection
