Esophageal & Stomach Disorders Flashcards
dysphagia
- difficulty of SWALLOWING
- due to MECHANICAL OBSTRUCTIONS or FUNCTIONAL DISORDER
achalasia
loss of INHIBITORY NEURONS in the MYENTERIC PLEXUS with SM ATROPHY in the MIDDLE & LOWER PORTIONS of the ESOPHAGUS
signs & symptoms of DYSPHAGIA
- STABBING PAIN at the level of OBSTRUCTION
- DISCOMFORT after SWALLOWING
- REGURGITATION of UNDIGESTED FOOD
- UNPLEASANT TASTE SENSATIONS
- VOMITING/ASPIRATION
- WEIGHT LOSS
how can we MANAGE DYSPHAGIC SYMPTOMS?
- eating SMALL MEALS SLOWLY
- taking FLUID with meals
- raised HOB
GERD
- disorder of MOTILITY
- having a REFLUX OF ACID & PEPSIN from the STOMACH»_space; ESOPHAGUS [causes ESOPHAGITIS]
- has a LOWER RESTING TONE of the LES
- often can be due to INCREASED ABDOMINAL PRESSURE
signs & symptoms of GERD
- HEARTBURN
- ACID REGURG
- DYSPHAGIA
- COUGHING (CHRONIC)
- ASTHMA ATTACKS
- LARYNGITIS
- UPPER ABDOMINAL PAIN while EATING
what drugs are the first choice for controlling symptoms related to GERD?
- PPIS
hiatal hernia
- disorder of MOTILITY
- type of DIAPHRAGMATIC HERNIA with PROTRUSION of the UPPER PART OF THE STOMACH»_space; goes through the DIAPHRAGM > THORAX
- has a more CONSERVATIVE TREATMENT
what are the types of HIATAL HERNIAS?
- SLIDING
- PARA-ESOPHAGEAL
- MIXED HIATAL
gastroparesis
- disorder of MOTILITY
- causes DELAYED GASTRIC EMPTYING in the absence of MECHANICAL GASTRIC OUTLET OBSTRUCTION
- often asso. with DM, SURGICAL VAGOTOMY, or FUNDOPLICATION
symptoms of gastroparesis
- N&V
- ABD. PAIN
- POSTPRANDIAL FULLNESS or BLOATING
pyloric obstruction
- the BLOCKING or NARROWING of the OPENING between the STOMACH & DUODENUM
- is either ACQUIRED or CONGENITAL
symptoms of pyloric obstruction
- EPIGASTRIC PAIN & FULLNESS
- N&V
- SUCCUSSION SPLASH
- often associated with PROLONGED OBSTRUCTION/MALNUTRITION/DEHYDRATION/EXTREME DEBILITATION
gastritis
the INFLAMMATORY DISORDER of the GASTRIC MUCOSA
acute gastritis
caused by the INJURY of the PROTECTIVE MUCOSAL BARRIER
what are the TWO TYPES OF CHRONIC GASTRITIS?
- CHRONIC FUNDAL GASTRITIS (TYPE A/IMMUNE)
- CHRONIC ANTRAL GASTRITIS (TYPE B/NONIMMUNE)
symptoms of gastritis
- ANOREXIA
- FULLNESS
- EPIGASTRIC PAIN
- N&V
peptic ulcer dz
- is a BREAK or ULCERATION within the PROTECTIVE MUCOSAL LINING
- creation of GASTRIC or DUODENAL ULCERS that involves digestion of the GI MUCOSA by the enzyme PEPSIN
- often is in the STOMACH or PROXIMAL DUODENUM
- can be seen sometimes in the ESOPHAGUS
- causes ACUTE or CHRONIC ULCERS
peptic ulcer disease - superficial ulcers
considered to be more EROSIONS
peptic ulcer dz - deep ulcers
possible sign of ZOLLINGER-ELLISON SYNDROME
(overproduction of acid within the stomach)
h pylori
- bacterium that is found in over 90% of PATIENTS with DUODENAL ULCERS
- found in 70% of patients with GASTRIC ULCERS
- therapy; 10-14 day course of PPIS and usage of ANTIBIOTICS (clarithromycin/amoxicillin/metronidazole)
(bismuth subsalicylate + tetracyclines / metronidazole)
duodenal ulcers
- is the MOST COMMON of the peptic ulcers
- often develops due to H. PYLORI INFECTIONS or use of NSAIDS
- symptoms; INTERMITTENT PAIN in the EPIGASTRIC AREA
- is RELIEVED by INGESTION OF FOOD or ANTACIDS
gastric ulcers
- develops more in the ANTRAL REGION of the stomach (adjacent to acid-secreting mucosa)
- increases the MUCOSAL PERMEABILITY to HYDROGEN IONS
- gastric secretion is normal/less than normal
- FOOD CAUSES PAIN
what are the typical SURGICAL TREATMENTS of ULCERS? what are signs that a patient may need surgical treatment?
- often undergo GASTRIC RESECTIONS
- want to assess for UNCONTROLLED BLEEDING or PERFORATION of the STOMACH & DUODENUM
- want to REDUCE STIMULI for ACID SECRETION/REDUCE the # of ACID-SECRETING CELLS/ correct any COMPLICATIONS
signs & symptoms after GASTRIC RESECTION
- DUMPING SYNDROME
- ALKALINE (BILE) REFLUX GASTRITIS
- afferent loop obstruction
- DIARRHEA
- WEIGHT LOSS
- ANEMIA
- BONE & MINERAL DISORDERS
