Blood Transfusion/Antiviral Drugs Flashcards
(49 cards)
blood transfusion therapy
the TRANSFUSING of WHOLE BLOOD or BLOOD COMPONENTS through IV
why do we utilize BT THERAPY?
many different reasons;
- in general – want to REPLACE LOST COMPONENTS OF THE BLOOD
ex. trama/serious injury
ex. surgical procedures
ex. illnesses - anemia, leukemia, kidney dx
what are some BLOOD TRANSFUSION PRODUCTS?
- WHOLE BLOOD
- RBC/WBC/PLATELETS
- PLASMA
- ALBUMIN
- GAMMA GLOBULIN
standard transfusion
transfusion with a compatible blood donor
autologous transfusions
where BLOOD IS COLLECTED for ANTICIPATION of FUTURE TRANSFUSIONS
- designated use only for the sole client
- can donate up to 6 WEEKS PRIOR to surgery
intraoperative blood salvage
saving of LOST STERILE BLOOD during a procedure by a filter machine - able to transfuse during operation or post-op
what are the TWO BIOMARKERS that are used to ensure safety during a BLOOD TRANSFUSION?
- ABO FACTOR
- RhD FACTOR
*we can CROSSMATCH for ABO COMPATIBILITY, but NOT for ANTIGENS
Rh Factor
- can be either PRESENT or ABSENT
- if Rh-NEG; means patient is BORN WITHOUT the Rh ANTIGEN
- can only develop ANTIBODIES once SENSITIZIED
- if in contact with RH+ BLOOD; can cause RXN.
what are the BLOOD TYPES?
A+/A-
B+/B-
AB+/AB-
O+/O-
abo factor
classification of BLOOD TYPES that are classifed by the types of ANTIGENS within the RBC and ANTIBODIES within the plasma
antigens - triggers an IMMUNE response when FOREIGN
group A
- has the A antigen
- plasma; anti-B antibody
will attack B antigen
group B
- has the B antigen
- plasma; anti-A antibody
will attack A antigen
group AB
- has both A & B antigen
- plasma; DOES NOT have any anti-A or B antibodies
will not attack anyone!
is considered the UNIVERSAL RECIPIENT (AB+)
group O
- does NOT have any A or B antigens
- but DOES HAVE both ANTI-A and ANTI-B ANTIBODIES
considered the UNIVERSAL DONOR due to not having any ANTIGENS, however, can only receive O type BLOOD due to having both antibodies
what must be done BEFORE administering BLOOD?
- always make sure YOU HAVE THE CORRECT PATIENT, BLOOD, and ORDER
- recording BASELINE VITAL SIGNS; assessing needle GAUGE (around 18-19) **checking if the patient is afebrile
- need to only use NS with BLOOD / proper Y-TUBING
how long do you have to START THE BLOOD TRANSFUSION?
- must give blood within 30 MINUTES OF RECEIVING
- must have a 2-RN check ready to proceed
what is the TYPICAL STARTING RATE of a BLOOD TRANSFUSION?
- around 2 mL/min (120 mL/hr) for the FIRST 15 MINUTES - must STAY BY BEDSIDE
- rate is increased after
- blood bag; around 250-300 cc
- can only TRANSFUSE NO MORE THAN 4 HOURS
when do we check ROUTINE VITAL SIGNS during BLOOD TRANSFUSIONS?
- 5 minutes from start
- 15 min mark
- 30 min mark
- 1 hour until end
- 1 hour AFTER
what do we NEVER administer with BLOOD?
- dextrose **hemolysis
- medications
- in general do not want to mix anything with blood; only allowed NS for priming etc…
allergic reaction
- flushing, SOB, hives, pruritus
- sensitivity to the plasma protein antibody
febrile or non-hemolyic reaction
causes sudden chills, fever, headache, anxiety
- greater hypersensitivity to donor white cells or platelets
- often onset within 2 hours of starting
hemolytic reaction
the INFUSION OF INCOMPATIBLE BLOOD PRODUCTS
- chills, tachycardia, hypotension, flushing, hematuria
- can be LIFE-THREATENING , can cause DIC (disseminated intravascular coagulation)
what happens if there is a BLOOD TRANSFUSION REACTION?
- Always STOP THE TRANSFUSION FIRST!!
- administer IV LINE - NS
- observe S & S; can place in fowlers/O2 therapy is SOB
- emergency drugs - antihistamines, fluids, steroids
- MUST SAVE EVERYTHING! - contact provider ASAP
describe VIRUSES
- there are particles that work by INFECTING and REPLICATING INSIDE OF THE CELLS
- they can only do so when INSIDE OF THE CELL
