Penicillins Flashcards
mechanism of action
- BACTERICIDAL antibiotics
- type of BETA-LACTAM subclass; inhibits bacterial cell wall synthesis
indications of use
- often is a very BROAD-SPECTRUM antibiotic *targets mostly GRAM POSITIVE bacteria
- respiratory infections (strep, pneumonia, tonsilitis)
- tissue infections (cellulitis, impetigo)
- STIs/UTis
- meningitis `
contraindications
mainly just patients with DRUG ALLERGIES
**often patients with penicillin allergies can have cross-reactivity with cephalosporins as well
adverse effects
- anaphylaxis reaction (urticaria, pruritus, angioedema)
- steven-johnsons
- electrolyte imbalances *hyperkal/natremia
what are the FOUR CLASSIFICATIONS of pencillins?
- NATURAL PENICILLINS
- PENCILLINASE-RESISTANT PENCILLINS (these antibiotics are resistant to beta-lactamase aka pencillinase)
- AMINOPENICILLINS
- EXTENDED-SPECTRUM
natural penicillins
Penicillin G (Benzylpenicillin) – Given IV/IM (not acid-stable, so not given orally).
Penicillin V (Phenoxymethylpenicillin) – Given orally (acid-stable).
how do PENICILLINASE-RESISTANT PENICILLINS work?
able to resist the BREAKDOWN of pencillin-destroying enzymes; also known as ANTISTAPHYLOCOCCAL PENICILLINS
- have a special BULKY SIDE CHAIN; helps to protect itself from the penicillinase
what are some penicillinase-resistant penicillins
Nafcillin – IV/IM
Oxacillin – IV/IM
Dicloxacillin – Oral
indications of use for penicillinase-resistant penicillins
- tissue infections
- osteomyelitis
- endocarditis
describe AMINOPENCILLINS
named due to having a FREE AMINO GROUP in their chemical structure
able to fight against GRAM-NEGATIVE BACTERIA/GRAM-POSITIVE ORGANISMS
what are some AMINOPENCILLINS?
- AMOXICILLIN
treats infections within the nose, throat, skin, GI - AMPICILLIN
Amoxicillin-Clavulanate (Augmentin) – Amoxicillin + beta-lactamase inhibitor.
Ampicillin-Sulbactam (Unasyn) – Ampicillin + beta-lactamase inhibitor.
