Pharmacologic Principles/Medication Administration Routes Flashcards
drug
chemical that affects the PHYSIOLOGIC PROCESSES OF a LIVING ORGANISM
pharmacology
the STUDY or SCIENCE OF DRUGS
chemical name
the actual CHEMICAL COMPOSITION and MOLECULAR STRUCTURE of a drug
generic name
also known as the NONPROPRIETARY NAME
- given by the UNITED STATES ADOPTED NAMES COUNCIL
- often is LESS EXPENSIVE vs. the trade name brands
ex. acetaminophen
trade name
also known as the PROPRIETARY NAME
- the REGISTERED TRADEMARK–restricted by the DRUG PATENT OWNER
- what is most often RECOGNIZED in the market
ex. tylenol
how are DRUGS grouped together?
- their STRUCTURE (are they selective or non-selective?)
- their THERAPEUTIC USE
- PROTOTYPICAL DRUGS; the FIRST DRUG in a class of drugs (represents the DRUG CLASSIFICATION of a specific group)
pharmaceutics
the study of how various DRUGS FORM influence the way in which the DRUG AFFECTS THE BODY
pharmacokinetics
the study of what the BODY DOES TO THE DRUG
what are the 4 PROCESSES within the scope of PARMACOKINETICS?
- ABSORPTION
- DISTRIBUTION
- METABOLISM
- EXCRETION
(ADME)
absorption
the MOVEMENT OF MEDICATION from the site of ADMINISTRATION
- considers BIOAVAILABILITY (extent of absorption) and the FIRST PASS EFFECT (drug goes into the lIVER»_space; becomes inactive metabolites)
distribution
the TRANSPORT OF A DRUG by the BLOODSTREAM to its site of action
what is the MOST COMMON BLOOD PROTEIN?
albumin; carries the MOST PROTEIN-BOUND DRUG MOLECULES
metabolism
also known as BIOTRANSFORMATION
- alteration of the drug into»_space; INACTIVE METABOLITE, more SOLUBLE COMPOUND, and/or a more POTENT ACTIVE METABOLITE
excretion
the ELIMINATION OF DRUGS from the BODY
- primary use of RENAL EXCRETION
- BILIARY EXCRETION
- BOWEL EXCRETION
half-life
the time required for HALF (50%) of the medication to be removed from the body
peak * trough
the LOWEST blood level of medication - trough
the HIGHEST blood level of medication - peak
onset
the time required for the MEDICATION to cause THERAPEUTIC RESPONSE
peak
the time required for the medication to reach its MAXIMUM therapeutic response
duration
the LENGTH of time of drug concentration that is SUFFICIENT to cause THERAPEUTIC RESPONSE
pharmacodynamics
the study of what the DRUG does to the BODY; the MECHANISM OF DRUG ACTIONS within the living body
what are some ways the DRUG can affect the body?
- THERAPEUTIC EFFECT
- DRUG-RECEPTOR RELATIONSHIPS; drug + cell receptor
- ENZYMES; can either inhibit or enhance
- NONSELECTIVE INTERACTIONS
pharmacogenetics/genomics
the study of how all GENES affect how a person responds to drugs
pharmacotherapeutics
the CLINICAL USE OF DRUGS to prevent and treat diseases
maintenance therapy
prevents the progression of the disease or condition
supportive therapy
drug therapy that helps to MAINTAIN BODY FUNCTION during recovery
ex. trauma, surgery, burn patients
cumulative effects
considering HOW MUCH MEDICATION the patient is taking; want to avoid DRUG TOXICITY
drug concentration
the AMOUNT OF DRUG in a given volume of plasma
tolerance
the DECREASING RESPONSE to repeated drug doses
dependence
the PHYSIOLOGIC or PSYCHOLOGICAL NEED for a drug
physical dependence
the PHYSIOLOGIC NEED for a drug to AVOID PHYSICAL WITHDRAWAL SYMPTOMS
psychological dependence
the ADDICTION and the OBSESSIVE DESIRE for the euphoric effects of a drug
what are some DRUG INTERACTIONS?
- ADDITIVE EFFECTS
1 + 1 = 2 - SYNERGISTIC EFFECTS
1 + 1 > 2 - ANTAGONISTIC EFFECTS
1 + 1 < 2 - INCOMPATIBILITY
meds are unsafe or potency of the other drug is reduced
pharmacologic reaction
the EXTENSION of a drug’s reaction
idiosyncratic reaction
an UNEXPECTED REACTION; genetics can play a role
teratogenic
medications passing through the BIRTH PLACENTA causing BIRTH DEFECTS to the baby
mutagenic
exposing patients to possible changes in genetics or increasing vulnerability
carcinogenic
cancer-causing medication
pharmacognosy
the CHEMICAL, or PHYSICAL STUDIES of the sources of medications for medical or holistic treatment
what are the FOUR MAIN SOURCES for DRUGS?
- PLANTS
- ANIMALS
- MINERALS
- LABORATORY SYNTHESIS
pharmacoeconomics
comparative examination of TOTAL COSTS of treatment with drugs
toxicology
the SCIENCE of adverse effects of chemicals on living organisms
**CLINICAL TOXICOLOGY - the care specifically for the poisoned patient
what are our ENTERAL ROUTES of medication administration?
- ORAL ROUTE
- SUBLINGUAL ROUTE
- BUCCAL ROUTE
- RECTAL/TOPICAL ROUTE
what are our PARENTERAL ROUTES of MEDICATION ADMINISTRATION?
- INTRAVENOUS ** the fastest route for med admin
- INTRAMUSCULAR
- SUBQ
- INTRADERMAL
- INTRAARTERIAL
- INTRATHECAL
- INTRARTICULAR
degree angles for each parenteral route
- IM; 90 degrees
- SUBQ; 45 degrees
- IV; 25 degrees
- INTRADERMAL; 10-15 degrees
where can we administer medication TOPICALLY? (7)
- SKIN
- EYES
- EARS
- NOSE
- LUNGS *inhalation
- RECTUM
- VAGINA
