Antifungal Drugs Flashcards
describe FUNGAL INFECTIONS
a large and diverse group of microorganisms that include ALL YEASTS and MOLDS
- can be part of the NORMAL FLORA
yeasts
single-celled FUNGI that reproduce by BUDDING
molds
- multicellular
- have LONG, BRANCHING FILAMENTS
mycosis
infection caused by a fungus
what are the FOUR GENERAL TYPES OF MYCOTIC INFECTION?
- SYSTEMIC
- CUTANEOUS
- SUBCUTANEOUS
- SUPERFICIAL
what are the TWO MOST COMMON FUNGAL/MOLD INFECTIONS?
- ringworm
- vaginal yeast infections
- MUCORMYCOSIS
- ASPERGILLOSIS
which two fungal infections are most commonly associated with HIV/AIDS?
- ORAL CANDIDIASIS (THRUSH)
- PNEUMOCYSTIC PNEUMONIA
antifungal drugs; MOA, indications etc…
MOA:
- can either KILL (FUNGAICIDAL) or INHIBIT (FUNGISTATIC) by affecting FUNGAL CELL MEMBRANE PERMEABILITY/PROTEIN SYNTHESIS
contraindications
- chronic liver disease
interactions;
- nephrotoxic drugs
- THIAZIDE
- ANTICOAGULANTS
- ANTIEPILEPTICS
- ORAL CONTRACEPTIVES
amphotericin B
MOA;
- acts by BINDING TO STEROLS of FUNGI on the cell membrane
used to treat SEVERE SYSTEMIC MYCOSES or CANDIDAL CYSTITIS
CONTRAINDICATIONS;
- SEVERE BONE MARROW SUPPRESSION
- RENAL IMPAIRMENT **not absorbed well in the GI tract
adverse effects;
- can cause a lot; fever, hypotension, tachy, N/V, headaches, photosensitivity
*recommended to pre medicate prior
caspofungin
- treats SEVERE ASPERGILLUS INFECTION often in patients with IMPAIRED LIVER FUNCTION
- can only be injected
fluconazole (diflucan)
- typically BROAD-SPECTRUM; targets a lot of fungi
- can be used a SINGLE DOSAGE TREATMENT for VAGINAL CANDIDIASIS INFECTIONS
- has LESS SIDE EFFECTS; is often more preferred than AMPHOTERICIN B
nystatin (mycostatin)
- TOPICAL; used to treat CANDIDAL DIAPER RASH
- ORAL; used as PROPHYLAXIS AGENT against CANDIDAL INFECTIONS
- treats ORAL and VAGINAL CANDIDIASIS
terbinafine (lamisil)
- used to TREAT SUPERFICIAL DERMATOLOGIC INFECTIONS (athletes for, tinea cruris, tinea corporis)
- helped to treat ONYCHOMYCOSES
- contraindicated with CHRONIC OR ACTIVE LIVER DX
voriconazole
can cause FETAL HARM IN PREGNANT WOMEN
