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Pharm > Pharmacokinetics/Pharmacodynamics > Flashcards

Pharmacokinetics/Pharmacodynamics Flashcards

1
Q

toxicology

A

the study of adverse effects of drugs and other chemicals

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2
Q

3 properties of an ideal drug

A

effectiveness, safety and selectivity

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3
Q

Therapeutic uses of a drug

A

prevention, diagnosis, cure and symptom relief

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4
Q

Pharmacokinetics

A

the study of the action of the drugs in the body so its “what the body does to the drug”

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5
Q

Pharmacodynamics

A

the study of the biochemical and physiologic effects of drugs on the function of living organisms and of their component parts

-“what the drug does to the body”

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6
Q

4 properties of Pharmacokinetics

A

Absorption, Distribution, Biotransformation (metabolism) and Excretion

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7
Q

Pharmacokinetics: Absorption

A

1st property, it is the movement of the drug, how fast the med is dissolved and distributed

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8
Q

Pharmacokinetics: Distribution

A

2nd property, plasma to the tissue

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9
Q

Pharmacokinetics: Biotransformation (metabolism)

A

3rd property, enzymatic mediated alteration of a drug, med is broken down and metabolized, chemical inactivation can occur

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10
Q

Pharmacokinetics: Excretion

A

4th property, movement of drug out of body

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11
Q

bioavilability

A

how much of the drug that is administered reaches its site of action

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12
Q

chemical equivalence

A

contain the same amount of the identical chemical compound (drug)

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13
Q

bioequivalence

A

comparing 2 different drugs to see if they contain same ingredients, are identical in strength, have same rate and extent of bioavailability

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14
Q

duration of action beginning and ending

A

begins at the onset of action and ends at the termination of effect

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15
Q

Therapeutic range is inbetween what?

A

the minimum effective concentration and the toxic concentration

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16
Q

which factors affect absorption?

A

drug characteristics, route of administration, blood flow, cell membranes

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17
Q

lipid soluble absorbed fast or slow?

A

fast

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18
Q

distribution is determined by 3 factors

A

1) blood flow to the tissues
2) exiting the vascular system
3) entering the cells

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19
Q

which types of ways can the drug exit the vascular system?

A

capillary beds
blood-brain barrier
placental drug transfer
protein binding

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20
Q

which factors determine the ability of a drug to cross the cell membrane?

A

lipid solubility, presence of a transport system

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21
Q

where does Biotransformation (metabolism) occur mostly?

A

in the liver

22
Q

P450 system is produced by and what is it?

A

liver, composed of 12 enzyme families

23
Q

CYP1, CYP2, CYP3 do what and what are they?

A

they metabolize drugs, they are apart of the P450 system that is produced by the liver

24
Q

which enzyme metabolizes approx 50% of all drugs?

A

CYP3A4

25
Q

Therapeutic consequences of drug metabolism?

A

accelerated renal excretion of drugs, drug inactivation, increased therapeutic action, activation of prodrugs, increased/decreased toxicity

26
Q

inducers

A

increase rate of metabolism

27
Q

inhibitors

A

decrease the rate of metabolism

28
Q

Biotransformation: first pass effect

A

meds taken orally pass from the intestine directly to the liver by way of hepatic portal blood flow

29
Q

how does the liver excrete?

A

bile

30
Q

which organ excretes the most?

A

kidneys

31
Q

how can some drug escape elimination and become reabsorbed?

A

they escape by distal tubular reabsorption

32
Q

do plasma drug levels determine drug concentration at the site of action?

A

rarely

33
Q

plasma levels defined

A

the minimum effective concentration and toxic concentration, therapeutic effect is in between these

34
Q

what determines a drugs dosing interval?

A

drug half life

35
Q

half life

A

the time required for the amount of drugs in the body to decrease by 50%

36
Q

what effects half life?

A

volume distribution, clearance

37
Q

how many half lives does it take to reach a steady state concentration in the body?

A

4-5 half lives

38
Q

once a steady state is reached, any change upward or downward will require how many half lives until a new steady state is achieved and how long will it take until the drug is eliminated once it is stopped?

A

4-5 half lives

39
Q

dose-response relationships determine

A

minimal/maximal amount of drug needed to elicit a response

40
Q

potency of a drug

A

the drug activity measured in terms of the dose required to produce a particular effect.

41
Q

if you increase activity at a decreased dose what will happen to the potency of the drug?

A

increase

42
Q

do efficacy and relative potency relay on eachother?

A

no

43
Q

efficacy of a drug

A

maximal effect produced by a drug (effectiveness)

44
Q

intrinsic activity

A

the ability of a drug to activate a receptor upon binding

45
Q

which drugs do not produce intrinsic activity?

A

antagonist

46
Q

agonist

A

activate receptors

47
Q

hormones, neurotransmitters and other endogenous regulators activate the receptors to which they bind. These are considered which kind of drugs?

A

agonist

48
Q

what kind of affinity (relationship) do agonists have and what kind of intrinsic activity?

A

high affinity (fits receptors wells) and high intrinsic activity

49
Q

what kind of affinity (relationship) do antagonists have and what kind of intrinsic activity?

A

high affinity (fits receptors well) and no intrinsic factor (does not activate the receptor)

50
Q

antagonist

A

prevents receptor activation by other drugs (blocks them)

51
Q

partial agonist

A

act as agonists and antagonist

52
Q

what kind of affinity (relationship) do partial agonists have and what kind of intrinsic activity?

A

fit receptor site , has some affinity and has low intrinsic activity

Pharm (33 decks)

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