Cardiovascular drugs part 1 Flashcards
Resistance vessels include arteries or veins?
arteries
Capacitance vessels include arteries or veins?
veins
tunica adventitia is which layer in the blood vessels and what is it made of
outtermost layer, connective tissue
Tunica media is which layer in the blood vessels and what is it made of?
middle layer, vascular smooth muscle
when the tunica media increases in tone what happens?
vasoconstriction
Tunica intima is which layer in the blood vesssels and what is it made of?
innermost layer, smooth single layer of cells
Cardiac output
stroke volume and HR
stroke volume
blood ejected
end-diastolic volume
blood in L ventricle at end of filling just before contracting
Ejection fraction
% volume of blood ejected with each ventricular contraction
Preload
degreee of myocardial stretch
afterload
resistance of aortic and pulmonic valves
if you have aortic stenosis, what happens to your afterload?
it increases
Beta1 receptors act on what and do what?
act on heart, increase heart rate , increase force of contraction
Beta2 receptors act on what and do what?
act on lungs, bronchodilation, vasodilation
alpha1 receptors act on what and do what?
vascular smooth muscle and increase vasoconstriction
Baroreceptors
tell the brain when the BP is low and needs to be increased
> 60 years old what is HTN
SBP>150 DBP >90
<60 years old what is HTN
SBP>140 DBP >90
since you cant use ACE or ARBS with black people, what should you use?
CCB, diuretics
systolic heart failure
weak left ventricle, LV dilation
what med is useful in systolic heart failure?
dig (its useless in diastolic failure)
diastolic heat failure
strong left ventricle, normal EF, LV hypertrophy
causes of diastolic heart failure
increased afterload (aortic stenosis)
signs of LVH (diastolic heart failure)
big PMI, S4 gallop
BB action
decrease HR, decrease contractility of heart, decrease CO
dont use BB with which kinds of people?
black, AV block, COPD, asthma, diabetics, preg, old people
BB adverse effects
GI issues, impotence, mask signs of hypoglycemia, hyperthyroid,
BB uses
angina, MI, CHF, arrhythmias, HTN, HF