Gastrointestinal Drugs Flashcards
when can you take a H2 receptor blocker after taking an antacid
1 hour
adverse effects of PPIs
fracture, pna, acid rebound, intestinal infection, MI, renal failure
time frame for treatment with H2 receptor or PPi?
3 months
H2 receptor action
inhibits acid secretion by binding with H2 receptors of gastric parietal cells
what should you monitor with H2 receptors
confusion in elderly and stools for blood (to see if its getting better)
PPI action
suppress secretion of gastric acid by irreversible inhibiting H, K, -ATPase (enzyme that generates gastric acid)
Do antacids alter systemic pH?
no
which patients do you have to be cautious with when giving an antacid?
patients with renal impairment
pepsin
increases gastric acid
antacid effects on stomach
decreased gastric acid
decreased pepsin activity
increased mucosal protection via prostaglandin production
Milk of Magnesia vs Aluminum Hydroxide
Milk of Magnesia: rapid acting, dont use with renal failure patients
Aluminum Hydroxide: slow acting, don’t use with HTN patient because it has lots of sodium content
bulk forming laxatives
metamucil, citrucel
colace is what kind of laxative
surfactant laxative
Dulcolax and Senokot are what kind of laxative
Stimulant laxative
Milk of Mag, Miralax and Cephulac are which kind of laxative?
Osmotic
bulk forming laxatives action
they absorb which softens poop and increases its bulk. This stimulates peristalsis
when are bulk forming laxatives indicated?
temporary treatment of constipation in diverticulosis and IBS
Surfactant laxative action?
facilitates penetration of water, electrolytes into intestines
Stimulant laxative action
stimulates peristalsis, softens poop
Osmotic laxative action
retains water and softens poop
If obstruction is suspected what should you avoid to help consitaption? which one should you give?
avoid laxatives, give enemas
Zofran action
blocks type 3 serotonin receptors on afferent vagal nerve
dexamethasone is sometimes given with what? to increase ___ effectiveness?
zofran
Reglan action
blocks dopamine receptors in CTZ
Hyperemesis gravidarum in pregnancy treatment
doxylamine and vitamin B6
antispasmodics/ Anticholinergics are given for what? and whats the action
IBS because they decrease GI motility by relaxing smooth muscle
Amitiza, Viberzi and Linzess are drugs for what?
IBS
Education when taking antispasmodics/ Anticholinergics
refrain from activities requiring mental alertness, avoid hot/humid environments, use gum or hard candy for dry mouth
Crohns Disease vs. Ulcerative Colitis (both are IBD)
Crohns: transmural inflammation, can affect all parts of GI tract
Ulcerative Colitis: inflammation of colon and rectum, cause rectal bleeding
5-ASA, hydrocortisone, azathioprine, infliximab, metronidazole are drugs for what?
IBD
What should you monitor when giving IBD drugs?
CBC
function of prokinetic agents
increase tone and motility of GI tract
long term irreversible adverse effect of prokinetic agents?
tardive dyskinesia
