Gastrointestinal Drugs

Question 1

when can you take a H2 receptor blocker after taking an antacid

Answer 1

1 hour

Question 2

adverse effects of PPIs

Answer 2

fracture, pna, acid rebound, intestinal infection, MI, renal failure

Question 3

time frame for treatment with H2 receptor or PPi?

Answer 3

3 months

Question 4

H2 receptor action

Answer 4

inhibits acid secretion by binding with H2 receptors of gastric parietal cells

Question 5

what should you monitor with H2 receptors

Answer 5

confusion in elderly and stools for blood (to see if its getting better)

Question 6

PPI action

Answer 6

suppress secretion of gastric acid by irreversible inhibiting H, K, -ATPase (enzyme that generates gastric acid)

Question 7

Do antacids alter systemic pH?

Answer 7

no

Question 8

which patients do you have to be cautious with when giving an antacid?

Answer 8

patients with renal impairment

Question 9

pepsin

Answer 9

increases gastric acid

Question 10

antacid effects on stomach

Answer 10

decreased gastric acid
decreased pepsin activity
increased mucosal protection via prostaglandin production

Question 11

Milk of Magnesia vs Aluminum Hydroxide

Answer 11

Milk of Magnesia: rapid acting, dont use with renal failure patients

Aluminum Hydroxide: slow acting, don’t use with HTN patient because it has lots of sodium content

Question 12

bulk forming laxatives

Answer 12

metamucil, citrucel

Question 13

colace is what kind of laxative

Answer 13

surfactant laxative

Question 14

Dulcolax and Senokot are what kind of laxative

Answer 14

Stimulant laxative

Question 15

Milk of Mag, Miralax and Cephulac are which kind of laxative?

Answer 15

Osmotic

Question 16

bulk forming laxatives action

Answer 16

they absorb which softens poop and increases its bulk. This stimulates peristalsis

Question 17

when are bulk forming laxatives indicated?

Answer 17

temporary treatment of constipation in diverticulosis and IBS

Question 18

Surfactant laxative action?

Answer 18

facilitates penetration of water, electrolytes into intestines

Question 19

Stimulant laxative action

Answer 19

stimulates peristalsis, softens poop

Question 20

Osmotic laxative action

Answer 20

retains water and softens poop

Question 21

If obstruction is suspected what should you avoid to help consitaption? which one should you give?

Answer 21

avoid laxatives, give enemas

Question 22

Zofran action

Answer 22

blocks type 3 serotonin receptors on afferent vagal nerve

Question 23

dexamethasone is sometimes given with what? to increase ___ effectiveness?

Answer 23

zofran

Question 24

Reglan action

Answer 24

blocks dopamine receptors in CTZ

Question 25

Hyperemesis gravidarum in pregnancy treatment

Answer 25

doxylamine and vitamin B6

Question 26

antispasmodics/ Anticholinergics are given for what? and whats the action

Answer 26

IBS because they decrease GI motility by relaxing smooth muscle

Question 27

Amitiza, Viberzi and Linzess are drugs for what?

Answer 27

IBS

Question 28

Education when taking antispasmodics/ Anticholinergics

Answer 28

refrain from activities requiring mental alertness, avoid hot/humid environments, use gum or hard candy for dry mouth

Question 29

Crohns Disease vs. Ulcerative Colitis (both are IBD)

Answer 29

Crohns: transmural inflammation, can affect all parts of GI tract

Ulcerative Colitis: inflammation of colon and rectum, cause rectal bleeding

Question 30

5-ASA, hydrocortisone, azathioprine, infliximab, metronidazole are drugs for what?

Answer 30

IBD

Question 31

What should you monitor when giving IBD drugs?

Answer 31

CBC

Question 32

function of prokinetic agents

Answer 32

increase tone and motility of GI tract

Question 33

long term irreversible adverse effect of prokinetic agents?

Answer 33

tardive dyskinesia