Pharm 1 - Intro to ANS

Question 1

What are the 3 outputs of the CNS?

Answer 1

1. ANS
2. Somatic NS
3. Neuroendocrine system

Question 2

Name 3 PNS dominant actions

Answer 2

1. Pupil constriction
2. Lungs
3. Cephalic & gastric phases

Question 3

Which liver actions are SNS mediated?

Answer 3

Glycogenolysis, gluconeogenesis

Question 4

What nerves are baroreceptors stimulatory to?

Answer 4

PNS

Question 5

What nerves are baroreceptors inhibitory to?

Answer 5

SNS

Question 6

PNS is discrete and localised. What is the ratio of pre vs post ganglion?

Answer 6

1:1

Question 7

SNS is coordinated and divergent. What is the ratio of pre vs post ganglion?

Answer 7

1:20

Question 8

What receptor is present on all autonomic ganglia?

Answer 8

Nicotinic receptor

Question 9

Are nicotinic receptors rapid or slow?

Answer 9

Rapid

Question 10

What type of receptor is the nicotinic receptor?

Answer 10

Type 1 ionotropic receptor

Question 11

How does the nicotinic receptor work?

Answer 11

1. ACh / nicotine binds to receptor. This causes a Na+/Ca2+ influx.
2. This allows transmission of signal

Question 12

Where are muscarinic receptors always present?

Answer 12

Post ganglionic PNS nerve fibres.

Question 13

What is the unusual exception to muscarinic receptors?

Answer 13

Present on post-ganglionic SNS fibre when innervating sweat glands

Question 14

What type of receptor is the muscarinic receptor?

Answer 14

Type 2 - G protein coupled receptor

Question 15

Are muscarinic receptors faster or slower?

Answer 15

Slower

Question 16

What 2 substances can stimulate muscarinic receptors?

Answer 16

ACh / muscarine

Question 17

What does blocking the NAChR at rest do to HR?

Answer 17

Increase HR

Question 18

What does blocking the NAChR during exercise do to HR?

Answer 18

Decrease HR

Question 19

Blocking NAChR at rest does what?

Answer 19

1. Decreases gut motility - constipation
2. Bronchodilation
3. Long-sightedness
4. Decreased urinary frequency

Question 20

How many types of muscarinic receptors are there?

Answer 20

5

Question 21

M1 receptors are?

Answer 21

Neural - located in the forebrain - important in learning and memory

Question 22

M2 receptors are?

Answer 22

Cardiac - located in the brain, inhibitory auto receptors

Question 23

M3 receptors are?

Answer 23

Exocrine and SM - hypothalamus - food intake

Question 24

M4 and M5 are?

Answer 24

Peripheral (pre junctional nerve endings) and stratal dopamine release respectively

Question 25

What type of receptor are adrenoreceptors?

Answer 25

G protein coupled (Type 2)

Question 26

alpha 1 and alpha 2 adrenoreceptors do what?

Answer 26

Constrict

Question 27

Beta 1 and beta 2 adrenoreceptors do what?

Answer 27

Dilate

Question 28

What 2 effects will blocking muscarinic receptors have during exercise?

Answer 28

1. Increase HR

2. Decrease sweat production

Question 29

Explain how NA is synthesised

Answer 29

1. Tyrosine –> DOPA (via tyrosine hydroxyls)
2. DOPA -> Dopamine (DOPA decarboxylase)
3. Dopamine -> NA (Dopamine Beta-hydroxylase)

Question 30

Once NA has had its effects, it has two ways of being removed. What are they?

Answer 30

1. Metabolised by MAO-A (preganglionic) - UPTAKE 1

2. Degraded by COMT (post ganglionic) - UPTAKE 2