Anatomy of Limbs 2 - Shoulder and Arm

Question 1

The supraspinous and infraspinous fossae are separated by what structure in the scapula?

Answer 1

Spine of scapula / acromion

Question 2

What lies just medial to the coracoid process?

Answer 2

Suprascapular notch

Question 3

What is the large fossa on the costal surface of the scapula called?

Answer 3

Subscapular fossa

Question 4

In the humerus, is the anatomical neck or surgical neck more commonly damaged?

Answer 4

Surgical neck

Question 5

What are the anterior pectoral girdle muscles?

Answer 5

1. Pec major
2. Pec minor
3. Subclavius
4. Serratus anterior (runs between anterior and posterior)

Question 6

What are the proximal attachments of the pec major?

Answer 6

1. Medial 1/3rd of the clavicle
2. Sternum
3. Costal cartilages

Question 7

What is the distal attachment of the pec major?

Answer 7

Lateral lip of the intertubercular sulcus (humerus)

Question 8

What does the pec major do?

Answer 8

Adducts and medially rotates the humerus

Question 9

What is the distal attachment of the pec minor?

Answer 9

Coracoid process of the scapula

Question 10

Where is the proximal attachment of the pec minor?

Answer 10

Chostocondral joints

Question 11

What is the purpose of the subclavius muscle?

Answer 11

Anchors the clavicle

Question 12

From where to where does the serratus anterior run?

Answer 12

Medial border of the scapula to anterior attachments on the ribs

Question 13

What nerve supplies the serratus anterior?

Answer 13

Long thoracic nerve

Question 14

What are the posterior pectoral girdle muscles?

Answer 14

1. Trapezius
2. Lat dorsi
3. Levator scapulae
4. Rhomboids

Question 15

What nerve supplies motor innervation to the trapezius?

Answer 15

Spinal accessory nerve (XI)

Question 16

What nerve supplies the lats?

Answer 16

Thoracodorsal nerve

Question 17

What does the latissimus dorsi do?

Answer 17

Extension, adduction and rotation of the humerus

Pulls body towards arms in climbing

Important in rowing

Question 18

What muscle supplies the rhomboids?

Answer 18

Dorsal scapular nerve

Question 19

What do the rhomboids do?

Answer 19

Retracts, rotates and fixes the scapula

Question 20

What does the levator scapulae do?

Answer 20

Elevates and rotates the scapula

Question 21

What nerves supply the elevator scapulae?

Answer 21

Dorsal scapular nerve ( & C3 /C4)

Question 22

What are the intrinsic shoulder muscles?

Answer 22

1. Deltoid
2. Teres Major
3. Rotator cuff muscles

Question 23

What are the rotator cuff muscles

Answer 23

1. Supraspinatus
2. Infraspinatus
3. Teres minor
4. Subscapularis

Question 24

What does the rotator cuff muscle do?

Answer 24

Acts to fix head of humerus in the glenoid fossa - depresses the humeral head

Question 25

What is the supraspinatus for?

Answer 25

Abduction of the arm for the first 15 degrees then deltoid takes over

Question 26

What does the teres major do (not rotator cuff)

Answer 26

Adducts and medially rotates

Question 27

What nerve innervates the teres major?

Answer 27

Lower sub scapular nerve

Question 28

Both the teres major and the latissimus Dorsi have the same attachment, where?

Answer 28

Inferior angle of the scapula to the floor and medial lip of inter tubercular sulcus of humerus

Question 29

In the anterior compartment of the arm, what muscles are present?

Answer 29

Biceps Brachialis Coracobrachialis

Question 30

What nerve supplies the anterior compartment of the arm?

Answer 30

Musculocutaneous nerve

Question 31

The biceps consists of 2 heads. What are they and where do they run?

Answer 31

Short head, medial. Long head, lateral (has longer tendon which runs through bicipital groove and across shoulder joint) - attaches to supraglenoid tubercle

Question 32

The biceps have two distal attachments, where?

Answer 32

1. To radial tuberosity | 2. Also aponeurosis which merges with connective tissue in that region

Question 33

Where does the corachobrachialis attach to proximally?

Answer 33

To the coracoid process (scapula) - it runs down the medial end of the humerus

Question 34

Where does the brachialis muscle attach?

Answer 34

Attaches to anterior shaft of the humerus and runs to the coronoid process of the ulna

Question 35

What is the brachialis used for?

Answer 35

Flexion

Question 36

What muscles are present in the posterior compartment of the arm?

Answer 36

Triceps, Anconeus. Both supplied by radial nerve

Question 37

Where does the long head of triceps attach?

Answer 37

Infraglenoid tubercle

Question 38

Where does the lateral and medial head of the triceps attach?

Answer 38

To the shaft of the humerus

Question 39

Distally, where does the triceps tendon attach/

Answer 39

Olecranon process of ulna

Question 40

Where is the anconeus attached?

Answer 40

Lateral epicondyle of the humerus and also upper shaft of ulna

Question 41

What is the anconeus for>

Answer 41

Stabilising the elbow joint

Question 42

Glenohumeral joint is between what?

Answer 42

It is the shoulder joint, between glenoid fossa and humerus

Question 43

Which 4 joints form the pectoral girdle?

Answer 43

1. Scapulothoracic joint 2. Acromioclavicular joint 3. Gleno-humeral jont 4. Sterno-clavicular joint

Question 44

What is the cartilage that deepens the glenoid fossa (which is quite shallow?)

Answer 44

Labrum

Question 45

What is the main stabiliser of the glenohumeral joint?

Answer 45

Muscle action (e.g. rotator cuff)

Question 46

What direction does dislocation of the shoulder joint usually occur?

Answer 46

Downwards

Question 47

What are the 3 movements of the scapulothoracic joint?

Answer 47

1. Elevation/depression 2. Protraction/retraction 3. Rotation of the scapula

Question 48

Describe the progression of arteries in the axilla and arm

Answer 48

1. Subclavian artery - passes over first rib to become ---- 2. Axillary artery - upon reaching lower border of teres major it becomes ---- 3. Brachial artery ----gives of a large branch in the arm (profound brachii) and then divides into Ulnar and radial arteries

Question 49

What are the superficial veins in the arm?

Answer 49

Cephalic (lateral) and basilic (medial) veins

Question 50

What does the basilica vein join with to form the axillary vein in the arm?

Answer 50

(Deep) venae comitantes

Question 51

Where does the cephalic vein join the axillary vein?

Answer 51

Axilla

Question 52

Where does the axillary vein become the subclavian vein?

Answer 52

At level of the first rib

Question 53

Why are axillary lymph nodes important?

Answer 53

They drain the breast - lymphedema may occur if removed in breast cancer

Question 54

Which nerve roots constitute the brachial plexus?

Answer 54

C5 - T1

Question 55

Which nerve goes behind the elbow?

Answer 55

The ulnar nerve

Question 56

Which nerve supplies deltoid and teres minor?

Answer 56

Axillary nerve