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Year 2 Collin > Anatomy of Limbs 2 - Shoulder and Arm > Flashcards

Anatomy of Limbs 2 - Shoulder and Arm Flashcards

1
Q

The supraspinous and infraspinous fossae are separated by what structure in the scapula?

A

Spine of scapula / acromion

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2
Q

What lies just medial to the coracoid process?

A

Suprascapular notch

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3
Q

What is the large fossa on the costal surface of the scapula called?

A

Subscapular fossa

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4
Q

In the humerus, is the anatomical neck or surgical neck more commonly damaged?

A

Surgical neck

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5
Q

What are the anterior pectoral girdle muscles?

A
  1. Pec major
  2. Pec minor
  3. Subclavius
  4. Serratus anterior (runs between anterior and posterior)
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6
Q

What are the proximal attachments of the pec major?

A
  1. Medial 1/3rd of the clavicle
  2. Sternum
  3. Costal cartilages
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7
Q

What is the distal attachment of the pec major?

A

Lateral lip of the intertubercular sulcus (humerus)

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8
Q

What does the pec major do?

A

Adducts and medially rotates the humerus

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9
Q

What is the distal attachment of the pec minor?

A

Coracoid process of the scapula

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10
Q

Where is the proximal attachment of the pec minor?

A

Chostocondral joints

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11
Q

What is the purpose of the subclavius muscle?

A

Anchors the clavicle

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12
Q

From where to where does the serratus anterior run?

A

Medial border of the scapula to anterior attachments on the ribs

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13
Q

What nerve supplies the serratus anterior?

A

Long thoracic nerve

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14
Q

What are the posterior pectoral girdle muscles?

A
  1. Trapezius
  2. Lat dorsi
  3. Levator scapulae
  4. Rhomboids
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15
Q

What nerve supplies motor innervation to the trapezius?

A

Spinal accessory nerve (XI)

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16
Q

What nerve supplies the lats?

A

Thoracodorsal nerve

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17
Q

What does the latissimus dorsi do?

A

Extension, adduction and rotation of the humerus

Pulls body towards arms in climbing

Important in rowing

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18
Q

What muscle supplies the rhomboids?

A

Dorsal scapular nerve

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19
Q

What do the rhomboids do?

A

Retracts, rotates and fixes the scapula

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20
Q

What does the levator scapulae do?

A

Elevates and rotates the scapula

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21
Q

What nerves supply the elevator scapulae?

A

Dorsal scapular nerve ( & C3 /C4)

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22
Q

What are the intrinsic shoulder muscles?

A
  1. Deltoid
  2. Teres Major
  3. Rotator cuff muscles
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23
Q

What are the rotator cuff muscles

A
  1. Supraspinatus
  2. Infraspinatus
  3. Teres minor
  4. Subscapularis
24
Q

What does the rotator cuff muscle do?

A

Acts to fix head of humerus in the glenoid fossa - depresses the humeral head

25
Q

What is the supraspinatus for?

A

Abduction of the arm for the first 15 degrees then deltoid takes over

26
Q

What does the teres major do (not rotator cuff)

A

Adducts and medially rotates

27
Q

What nerve innervates the teres major?

A

Lower sub scapular nerve

28
Q

Both the teres major and the latissimus Dorsi have the same attachment, where?

A

Inferior angle of the scapula to the floor and medial lip of inter tubercular sulcus of humerus

29
Q

In the anterior compartment of the arm, what muscles are present?

A

Biceps
Brachialis
Coracobrachialis

30
Q

What nerve supplies the anterior compartment of the arm?

A

Musculocutaneous nerve

31
Q

The biceps consists of 2 heads. What are they and where do they run?

A

Short head, medial.

Long head, lateral (has longer tendon which runs through bicipital groove and across shoulder joint) - attaches to supraglenoid tubercle

32
Q

The biceps have two distal attachments, where?

A
  1. To radial tuberosity

2. Also aponeurosis which merges with connective tissue in that region

33
Q

Where does the corachobrachialis attach to proximally?

A

To the coracoid process (scapula) - it runs down the medial end of the humerus

34
Q

Where does the brachialis muscle attach?

A

Attaches to anterior shaft of the humerus and runs to the coronoid process of the ulna

35
Q

What is the brachialis used for?

A

Flexion

36
Q

What muscles are present in the posterior compartment of the arm?

A

Triceps, Anconeus.

Both supplied by radial nerve

37
Q

Where does the long head of triceps attach?

A

Infraglenoid tubercle

38
Q

Where does the lateral and medial head of the triceps attach?

A

To the shaft of the humerus

39
Q

Distally, where does the triceps tendon attach/

A

Olecranon process of ulna

40
Q

Where is the anconeus attached?

A

Lateral epicondyle of the humerus and also upper shaft of ulna

41
Q

What is the anconeus for>

A

Stabilising the elbow joint

42
Q

Glenohumeral joint is between what?

A

It is the shoulder joint, between glenoid fossa and humerus

43
Q

Which 4 joints form the pectoral girdle?

A
  1. Scapulothoracic joint
  2. Acromioclavicular joint
  3. Gleno-humeral jont
  4. Sterno-clavicular joint
44
Q

What is the cartilage that deepens the glenoid fossa (which is quite shallow?)

A

Labrum

45
Q

What is the main stabiliser of the glenohumeral joint?

A

Muscle action (e.g. rotator cuff)

46
Q

What direction does dislocation of the shoulder joint usually occur?

A

Downwards

47
Q

What are the 3 movements of the scapulothoracic joint?

A
  1. Elevation/depression
  2. Protraction/retraction
  3. Rotation of the scapula
48
Q

Describe the progression of arteries in the axilla and arm

A
  1. Subclavian artery - passes over first rib to become —-
  2. Axillary artery - upon reaching lower border of teres major it becomes —-
  3. Brachial artery —-gives of a large branch in the arm (profound brachii) and then divides into Ulnar and radial arteries
49
Q

What are the superficial veins in the arm?

A

Cephalic (lateral) and basilic (medial) veins

50
Q

What does the basilica vein join with to form the axillary vein in the arm?

A

(Deep) venae comitantes

51
Q

Where does the cephalic vein join the axillary vein?

A

Axilla

52
Q

Where does the axillary vein become the subclavian vein?

A

At level of the first rib

53
Q

Why are axillary lymph nodes important?

A

They drain the breast - lymphedema may occur if removed in breast cancer

54
Q

Which nerve roots constitute the brachial plexus?

A

C5 - T1

55
Q

Which nerve goes behind the elbow?

A

The ulnar nerve

56
Q

Which nerve supplies deltoid and teres minor?

A

Axillary nerve

Year 2 Collin (114 decks)

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