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Year 2 Collin > Anatomy 7 - Knee, leg, ankle and foot > Flashcards

Anatomy 7 - Knee, leg, ankle and foot Flashcards

1
Q

Gracilis muscle. What 2 actions does it do

A

Adduction of the hip

Flexion of the knee

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2
Q

Biceps femoris is a posterior thigh muscle that goes in what direction

A

Medial to lateral

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3
Q

Which muscle supplies the 4 digits of the foot?

ANTERIOR

A

Extensor digitorum longus (& brevis)

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4
Q

Which muscle is responsible for extending the toe?

A

Extensor hallucis longus (& brevis)

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5
Q

Do the extensor digitorum braves / extensor hallucis brevis cross the ankle joint?

A

No, they are intrinsic to the foot

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6
Q

Which 2 muscles are in the lateral aspect of the leg

A

Peroneus longus

Peroneus brevis

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7
Q

What is the action of the peroneus longus / brevis muscles?

A

Eversion

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8
Q

Which nerve supplies the anterior compartment muscles of the leg?

A

Deep branch of peroneal nerve

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9
Q

Which muscles can contribute to dorsiflexion and eversion

A

Lateral compartment muscles

anterior compartment muscles = dorsiflexion (extension)

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10
Q

Which nerve supplies the posterior compartment of the leg?

A

Tibial nerve

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11
Q

What are the superficial muscles in the posterior compartment of the leg?

A

Superficial =

Gastrocnemius
Soleus
Plantaris

Deep =

Popliteus
Flexor digitorum longus
Flexor Hallucis longus
Tibialis posterior

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12
Q

How many heads does the gastrocnemius have?

A

2, medial and lateral

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13
Q

Which 2 muscles attach to the calcaneal tendon which attaches to the calcaneus

A

Gastrocnemius and soleus

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14
Q

Gastrocnemius attaches on the femur by the medial and lateral heads. Where does soleus attach?

A

On the tibia and fibula and interosseous membrane

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15
Q

Which muscles together form the Triceps surae whose distal tendon is tendocalcaneus?

A

Gastrocnemius (2 heads) and Soleus (1 head)

Tendocalcaneus = Achilles tendon

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16
Q

Where does popliteus attach?

A

Lateral epicondyle of the femur

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17
Q

Which posterior muscle passes through the sesamoid bones on the toe

A

Flexor hallucis longus

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18
Q

Flexor digitorum longus and tibialis posterior pass through which malleolus of the ankle?

A

Medial

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19
Q

Extensor digitorum braves is supplied by which nerve?

A

Common peroneal nerve

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20
Q

What muscles are present in layer 1 of the sole of the foot

A
  1. Flexor digitorum brevis
  2. Abductor hallucis
  3. Abductor digiti minimi
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21
Q

What muscles are present in layer 2 of the sole of the foot

A

Lumbricals 1-4
Flexor hallucis longus
Flexor digitorum longus tendons
Quadratus plantae

22
Q

What muscles are present in layer 3 of the sole of the foot

A

Flexor digiti minimi brevis

Flexor hallucis brevis - this is where the sesamoid bones are found on the bone it attaches to

23
Q

What are the boundaries of the popliteal fossa

A
  1. Biceps femoris
  2. Semimembranosus
  3. Medial and lateral heads of gastrocnemius
  4. Skin and fascia
  5. Femur
24
Q

What does the popliteal fossa contain

A
  1. Popliteal artery and vein
  2. Tibial nerve and common peroneal nerve
  3. Short saphenous vein
  4. Popliteal lymph nodes
25
Q

The popliteal vein is a branch off the?

A

Small saphenous vein

26
Q

What are the 4 ligaments of the knee joint

A

Anterior and posterior cruciate ligaments

Medial and lateral collateral ligaments

27
Q

What are the 2 menisci of the knee joint

A
  1. Medial meniscus

2. Lateral meniscus

28
Q

What are the bursae of the knee joint

A
  1. Pre-patellar bursa

2. Popliteal bursa

29
Q

Which meniscus is more commonly damaged, why?

A

Medial meniscus

Medial (tibial) collateral ligament may pull on the fibrous attachment to the meniscus

30
Q

Name 2 common sites of bursitis

A
  1. Subtendinous prepatellar bursitis

2. Subcutaneous prepatellar bursitis

31
Q

There is a proximal and a distal tibiofibular joint. Which one is a plane type synovial with capsular ligaments that limit movement

A

Proximal

32
Q

Which tibiofibular joint is a fibrous joint

A

Distal tibiofibular joint

33
Q

Which ligament is less likely to be damaged in sprained ankles

A

“Deltoid ligament” - tibiocalcaneal ligament

34
Q

Which 3 ligaments are commonly damaged by over-inversion

A

Lateral ligaments i.e.

1/2. Posterior and anterior talofibular ligaments
3. Calceneofibular ligament

35
Q

Fibula is not weight bearing. At the ankle, what does the weight bearing

A

The talus, due to its superior articulation with tibia.

Square socket formed by distal lateral malleolus (fibula) and medial malleolus (tibia)

36
Q

The head of the talus articulates with?

A

Navicular

37
Q

Calcaneus articulates with?

A

Cuboid

38
Q

Which joint of the foot is the talo-calcaneonavicular joint part of?

A

The transverse tarsal joint (aka mid tarsal joint)

39
Q

Movement at the transverse tarsal/mid tarsal joint contributes to what action?

A

Inversion and eversion of the foot, accompanied by movement of the subtler joint

40
Q

The plantar aponeurosis is important in maintaining what?

A

The arch of the foot - alongside long tendons and intrinsic muscles

41
Q

The femoral artery goes from anterior to posterior and eventually becomes the popliteal artery in the popliteal fossa. It then gives off many branches. What are they

A
  1. Genicular arteries for the knee
  2. ANTERIOR TIBIAL ARTERY - supplies the tibia and dorsum of the foot
  3. PERONEAL ARTERY- POSTERIOR AND LATERAL LEG
  4. POSTERIOR TIBIAL ARTERY
42
Q

In the foot, what arteries are present?

A

Dorsalis pedis artery, lateral plantar artery.

There are anastomoses present

43
Q

Deep venous return follows that of the arteries. Superficially, there is the great saphenous vein which arises from?

A

Dorsal venous arch of the foot

44
Q

The small saphenous vein crosses laterally.

A

Y.

45
Q

Both the great and small saphenous veins can be used for?

A

Grafting

46
Q

Describe sensory segmental supply

A

“L3 to the knee, L4 to the floor”

L5 to great toe
S1 to lateral side of the foot and sole

47
Q

Which nerve supplies the posterior compartment and the foot?

A

Tibial nerve

48
Q

Which nerve supplies the anterior and lateral compartments of the leg?

A

Common peroneal nerve

49
Q

The tibial nerve passes behind the medial malleolus and divides to become?

A
  1. Medial plantar nerve

2. Lateral plantar nerve

50
Q

The tibial nerve supplies all intrinsics except?

A

Extensor digitorum brevis

51
Q

The common peroneal nerve winds around the neck of the fibula. it gives off 2 branches which supple?

A

Deep peroneal nerve - supplies anterior compartment

Superficial Peroneal nerve - supplies lateral compartment

52
Q

How is the sural nerve formed and what can it be used for?

A

Formed from branch of tibial nerve and small branch from common peroneal nerve

Can be used in nerve repair

Year 2 Collin (114 decks)

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