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Year 2 Collin > Anatomy 7 - Knee, leg, ankle and foot > Flashcards

Anatomy 7 - Knee, leg, ankle and foot Flashcards

1
Q

Gracilis muscle. What 2 actions does it do

A

Adduction of the hip

Flexion of the knee

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2
Q

Biceps femoris is a posterior thigh muscle that goes in what direction

A

Medial to lateral

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3
Q

Which muscle supplies the 4 digits of the foot?

ANTERIOR

A

Extensor digitorum longus (& brevis)

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4
Q

Which muscle is responsible for extending the toe?

A

Extensor hallucis longus (& brevis)

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5
Q

Do the extensor digitorum braves / extensor hallucis brevis cross the ankle joint?

A

No, they are intrinsic to the foot

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6
Q

Which 2 muscles are in the lateral aspect of the leg

A

Peroneus longus

Peroneus brevis

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7
Q

What is the action of the peroneus longus / brevis muscles?

A

Eversion

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8
Q

Which nerve supplies the anterior compartment muscles of the leg?

A

Deep branch of peroneal nerve

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9
Q

Which muscles can contribute to dorsiflexion and eversion

A

Lateral compartment muscles

anterior compartment muscles = dorsiflexion (extension)

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10
Q

Which nerve supplies the posterior compartment of the leg?

A

Tibial nerve

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11
Q

What are the superficial muscles in the posterior compartment of the leg?

A

Superficial =

Gastrocnemius
Soleus
Plantaris

Deep =

Popliteus
Flexor digitorum longus
Flexor Hallucis longus
Tibialis posterior

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12
Q

How many heads does the gastrocnemius have?

A

2, medial and lateral

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13
Q

Which 2 muscles attach to the calcaneal tendon which attaches to the calcaneus

A

Gastrocnemius and soleus

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14
Q

Gastrocnemius attaches on the femur by the medial and lateral heads. Where does soleus attach?

A

On the tibia and fibula and interosseous membrane

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15
Q

Which muscles together form the Triceps surae whose distal tendon is tendocalcaneus?

A

Gastrocnemius (2 heads) and Soleus (1 head)

Tendocalcaneus = Achilles tendon

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16
Q

Where does popliteus attach?

A

Lateral epicondyle of the femur

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17
Q

Which posterior muscle passes through the sesamoid bones on the toe

A

Flexor hallucis longus

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18
Q

Flexor digitorum longus and tibialis posterior pass through which malleolus of the ankle?

A

Medial

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19
Q

Extensor digitorum braves is supplied by which nerve?

A

Common peroneal nerve

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20
Q

What muscles are present in layer 1 of the sole of the foot

A
  1. Flexor digitorum brevis
  2. Abductor hallucis
  3. Abductor digiti minimi
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21
Q

What muscles are present in layer 2 of the sole of the foot

A

Lumbricals 1-4
Flexor hallucis longus
Flexor digitorum longus tendons
Quadratus plantae

22
Q

What muscles are present in layer 3 of the sole of the foot

A

Flexor digiti minimi brevis

Flexor hallucis brevis - this is where the sesamoid bones are found on the bone it attaches to

23
Q

What are the boundaries of the popliteal fossa

A
  1. Biceps femoris
  2. Semimembranosus
  3. Medial and lateral heads of gastrocnemius
  4. Skin and fascia
  5. Femur
24
Q

What does the popliteal fossa contain

A
  1. Popliteal artery and vein
  2. Tibial nerve and common peroneal nerve
  3. Short saphenous vein
  4. Popliteal lymph nodes
25
The popliteal vein is a branch off the?
Small saphenous vein
26
What are the 4 ligaments of the knee joint
Anterior and posterior cruciate ligaments Medial and lateral collateral ligaments
27
What are the 2 menisci of the knee joint
1. Medial meniscus | 2. Lateral meniscus
28
What are the bursae of the knee joint
1. Pre-patellar bursa | 2. Popliteal bursa
29
Which meniscus is more commonly damaged, why?
Medial meniscus Medial (tibial) collateral ligament may pull on the fibrous attachment to the meniscus
30
Name 2 common sites of bursitis
1. Subtendinous prepatellar bursitis | 2. Subcutaneous prepatellar bursitis
31
There is a proximal and a distal tibiofibular joint. Which one is a plane type synovial with capsular ligaments that limit movement
Proximal
32
Which tibiofibular joint is a fibrous joint
Distal tibiofibular joint
33
Which ligament is less likely to be damaged in sprained ankles
"Deltoid ligament" - tibiocalcaneal ligament
34
Which 3 ligaments are commonly damaged by over-inversion
Lateral ligaments i.e. 1/2. Posterior and anterior talofibular ligaments 3. Calceneofibular ligament
35
Fibula is not weight bearing. At the ankle, what does the weight bearing
The talus, due to its superior articulation with tibia. Square socket formed by distal lateral malleolus (fibula) and medial malleolus (tibia)
36
The head of the talus articulates with?
Navicular
37
Calcaneus articulates with?
Cuboid
38
Which joint of the foot is the talo-calcaneonavicular joint part of?
The transverse tarsal joint (aka mid tarsal joint)
39
Movement at the transverse tarsal/mid tarsal joint contributes to what action?
Inversion and eversion of the foot, accompanied by movement of the subtler joint
40
The plantar aponeurosis is important in maintaining what?
The arch of the foot - alongside long tendons and intrinsic muscles
41
The femoral artery goes from anterior to posterior and eventually becomes the popliteal artery in the popliteal fossa. It then gives off many branches. What are they
1. Genicular arteries for the knee 2. ANTERIOR TIBIAL ARTERY - supplies the tibia and dorsum of the foot 3. PERONEAL ARTERY- POSTERIOR AND LATERAL LEG 4. POSTERIOR TIBIAL ARTERY
42
In the foot, what arteries are present?
Dorsalis pedis artery, lateral plantar artery. There are anastomoses present
43
Deep venous return follows that of the arteries. Superficially, there is the great saphenous vein which arises from?
Dorsal venous arch of the foot
44
The small saphenous vein crosses laterally.
Y.
45
Both the great and small saphenous veins can be used for?
Grafting
46
Describe sensory segmental supply
"L3 to the knee, L4 to the floor" L5 to great toe S1 to lateral side of the foot and sole
47
Which nerve supplies the posterior compartment and the foot?
Tibial nerve
48
Which nerve supplies the anterior and lateral compartments of the leg?
Common peroneal nerve
49
The tibial nerve passes behind the medial malleolus and divides to become?
1. Medial plantar nerve | 2. Lateral plantar nerve
50
The tibial nerve supplies all intrinsics except?
Extensor digitorum brevis
51
The common peroneal nerve winds around the neck of the fibula. it gives off 2 branches which supple?
Deep peroneal nerve - supplies anterior compartment Superficial Peroneal nerve - supplies lateral compartment
52
How is the sural nerve formed and what can it be used for?
Formed from branch of tibial nerve and small branch from common peroneal nerve Can be used in nerve repair

Year 2 Collin (114 decks)

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