Musc 11- Arthritis Flashcards
What are the Hunter-Volkmann principles?
- Increased compression at growth plate –> slows down longitudinal growth
- Increased traction at growth plate –> speeds up longitudinal growth
What is varus deformity?
What is a valgus deformity?
Varus - Centre of hip is above centre of ankle, but knees are lateral to centre. Causes bowing of leg
Valgus - knees close together, ankles below hip centre line (tall, thin female model)
What are the 3 compartments of the knee
Medial, lateral, patellar/femoral compartment
In varus, most of the load goes through the medial compartment (and offloading in the lateral)
In valgus, lot of load in the lateral compartment
Malalignment is associated with?
Osteoarthritis
Varus = 2x likely Valgus = 1.5x likely
What is Wolffs law?
Bone will adapt/model to loads/stresses to it
Developmental dysplasia of the hip - explain
In utero, bones adapt to load as a result of foetal kicking (and developmental programming)
Joint shape may be set early in life (maybe even in foetus)
Developmental dysplasia of the hip may lead to osteoarthritis
What is a cam impingement?
Cam more common in boys
Extra bump on (anterior) femoral neck
What is a Pincer impingement
Pincer more common in girls
The socket has an extra piece of bone
What protects the underlying femoral cartilage from the forces of the hip?
The acetabular labrum
Where is the ACL?
ACL goes from medial aspect of lateral condyle to anterior intercondylar eminence of tibia
Where is the PCL
Anterolateral aspect of medial femoral condyle to posterolateral aspect of tibia
What are the features of the medial meniscus?
Medial meniscus is longer than lateral, less curved
Posterior horn, body, anterior horn
same features as lateral horn but lateral horn more curved
What do menisci do
They act as shock absorbers - distribute force across the whole joint
