Anatomy Limbs 4 - Hand Flashcards
Where does the palmar aponeurosis extend from?
The flexor retinaculum
What are the borders of the septa of the hand
Septa extends from palmar aponeurosis to little finger metacarpal (medially) and middle finger metacarpal (laterally)
On the forearm, pronators and flexors are ?
Anterior
On the forearm, extensors and supinators are?
Posterior
What muscles are in the superficial anterior compartment of the forearm?
- Pronator teres
- Flexor carpi radialis
- Palmaris longus
- Flexor carpi ulnaris
- Flexor digitorum superficialis
What muscles are in the deep anterior compartment of the forearm?
- Flexor digitorum profundus
- Flexor pollicis longus
- Pronator quadratus
What are the groups of intrinsic muscles of the hand?
- Thenar muscles
- Adductor muscle
- Hypothenar muscles
- Interossei and lumbricals
What muscles form the thenar muscles
- Abductor pollicis brevis
- Flexor pollicis brevis
- Opponens pollicis
What muscle forms the adductor muscle
Adductor pollicis
What muscle forms the hypothenar muscles
- Abductor digiti minimi
- Flexor digiti minimi
- Opponens digiti minimi
What do lumbricals do?
Flex MCPS, extend IPJs
What do palmar interossei do?
Adduct digits
What do dorsal interossei do?
Abduct the digits
In thumb movements, which movements have a long and short muscle acting?
Abduction (APL /APB)
Extension (EPL / EPB / APL)
Flexion (FPL/FPB)
“Pollicis” muscles are supplied by which nerve?
Ulnar
Thenar muscles are supplied by which nerve?
Median nerve
Lumbricals extend from the palmar region to the dorsal region
Y
Describe what PAD and DAB refers to?
PAD = Palmar interossei ADDUCT (thumb and little finger have their0 own adductors)
DAB = Dorsal interossei ABDUCT (there is no dorsal interossei by the thumb because the thumb has its own abductor)
Explain the path of the flexor digitorum profundus and superficialis
FDP and FDS tendons pass underneath carpal tunnel beneath flexor retinaculum
Enters common synovial sheath then common digital sheath
Does the thumb have its own sheath?
Y
The fibrous digital sheath consists of 2 parts, which are?
Annular and cruciform
FDP and FDS, which one runs further?
FDP goes more distally, to the distal phalanx
FDS goes more proximally to the middle phalanx
What does the extensor expansion also attach to?
The lumbrical
Which muscles are involved in radial deviation?
APL, FCR, ECRB, ECRL
Which intercarpal joint articulates with the triquetrium but not the wrist?
Pisiform (it is a sesamoid bone)
Lateral to medial, proximal row mnemonic for the intercarpal bones?
Some lovers try positions that they can’t handle
Scaphoid, lunate, triquetrium, pisiform
Trapezium, trapezoid, capitate, hamate
What do metacarphophalangeal joints do?
MCP
- Flexion and extension
- Abduction and adduction
- Ulnar collateral ligament of the thumb
What do interphalangeal joints do?
IPJ
- Flexion and extension only
In the hand, there are palmar arches which anastomose with?
Deep arches
The basilic vein join which structures to form axillary vein in the arm?
Venae comitantes
Cephalic vein joins the axillary vein where?
In the axilla
Where does superficial venous return of the hand begin?
Dorsal venous arch (network)
Which nerve supplies all of the posterior muscles of the forearm?
Radial nerve
Which nerve is the main nerve of the anterior compartment of the forearm?
Median nerve
What does the ulnar nerve supply?
Main nerve of hand, also supplies FCU and ulnar Half of FDP
What is the median nerve motor to?
Thenar muscles (APB, FPB, OP) and lumbricals 1 and 2
What is the median nerve sensory to?
Palmar surface of the thumb, IF, MF, and half of RF
How does the ulnar nerve enter the hand?
Over the flexor retinaculum (lateral to pisiform)
The ulnar nerve divides into the superficial and deep branch. What is the superficial branh sensory to?
Palmar surfaces of LF and half of RF
What is the deep branch of the ulnar nerve motor to?
- Hypothenar muscles
- Adductor pollicis
- Lumbricals 3 and 4
- All interossei
Where does the radial nerve divide into the deep branch and superficial branch?
Just above the level of the elbow
What does the deep branch of the radial nerve become?
Posterior interesses nerve (motor)
What does the superficial branch of the radial nerve become?
Superficial radial nerve
Does the radial nerve have any motor supply in the hand?
NO
Which nerve gives sensory supply to the dorsum of the hand?
Radial nerve
Which carpal bones have bony attachment for the flexor retinaculum?
Scaphoid, trapezium, pisiform, hamate
What does the carpal tunnel contain?
- Median nerve
- FPL tendon
- 4 tendons of FDP
- 4 tendons of FDS
What muscles does the power grip involve?
- Long flexors of finger and thumb
- Intrinsic muscles of palm
- Extensors of wrist joint
What muscles does the precision grip involve?
- Wrist & fingers held in place by long flexors and extensors
- Intrinsic muscles of hand carry out fine movements
What muscles are mainly involved in the hook grip
Long flexors of the digits
