Anatomy limbs 3 - Elbow, Forearm and Wrist

Question 1

In the elbow, what is the cartilage that links the humerus to the radius and ulna?

Answer 1

Capitulum = radius

Trochlea = ulna

Question 2

Which 3 fossae allow elbow flexion?

Answer 2

Radial fossa
Coronoid fossa
Olecranon fossa

Question 3

What membrane separates the radius and ulna?

Answer 3

Interosseus membrane

Question 4

What 2 things does the interosseous membrane do?

Answer 4

Separates the anterior and posterior compartments

Acts as a site of attachment for muscles in the forearm

Question 5

What are the bones of the wrist proximal to the hand?

Answer 5

Scaphoid, Lunate, triquetrum and pisiform (sesamoid bone)

Question 6

What is a sesamoid bone?

Answer 6

A bone that is formed out of tendon or muscle attachment

Question 7

Does the pisiform articulate at the wrist joint?

Answer 7

No

Question 8

Which nerve supplies the biceps and brachialis?

Answer 8

Musculocutaneous nerve (C5,6)

Question 9

Where does the brachialis attach to?

Answer 9

Coronoid process of ulna

Question 10

Where does the biceps attach to?

Answer 10

Radial tuberosity

Question 11

Where does the triceps group of muscles attach to?

Answer 11

Olecranon process of ulna

Question 12

Where are the flexors (and pronators) muscles found in the forearm?

Answer 12

Anteriorly

Question 13

Where are the extensors (and supinators) muscles found?

Answer 13

Posteriorly

Question 14

What are the superficial anterior muscles of the forearm?

Answer 14

1. Pronator teres (PT)
2. Flexor carpi radialis (FCR)
3. Palmaris longus (PL)
4. Flexor digitorum superficialis (FDS)
5. Flexor carpi ulnari (FCU)

Question 15

What are the deep anterior muscles of the forearm?

Answer 15

1. Flexor digitorum profundus (FDP)
2. Flexor pollicis longus (FPL)
3. Pronator quadratura (PQ)

Question 16

What muscles originate from the common flexor tendon?

Answer 16

Pronator teres
Flexor carpi radialis
Palmaris longus
Flexor carpi ulnaris

Question 17

Which muscles move the wrist joint?

Answer 17

Extensor carpi radialis longus (ECRL)
Extensor carpi radialis brevis (ECRB)
Extensor carpi ulnari (ECU)

Question 18

Which muscles move the digits?

Answer 18

Extensor digitorum (ED)
Extensor indices (EI)
Extensor digit minimi (EDM)

Question 19

Which muscles move the thumb?

Answer 19

Abductor pollicis longus (APL)
Extensor pollicis brevis (EPB)
Extensor pollicis longus (EPL)

Question 20

What do retinaculi do?

Answer 20

They hold down tendons that cross over each other whilst muscles are being flexed

Question 21

The anular ligament is located where and what is its purpose?

Answer 21

Located near the head of the radius and allows the radius to turn (supination)

Question 22

Do males or females have a greater carrying angle of the forearm?

Answer 22

Females

Question 23

What are the 2 main pronator muscles?

Answer 23

Pronator teres and pronator quadratus

Question 24

Does the distal ulna articulate with the triquetrum carpal bones?

Answer 24

nO

Question 25

What arm muscles are involved in flexion?

Answer 25

Brachialis
Biceps
Brachioradialis
Pronator teres

Question 26

What muscles are involved in extension?

Answer 26

Triceps

Anconeus

Question 27

Which muscles are involved in supination?

Answer 27

Supinator
Biceps
(EPL, ECRL)

Question 28

Which muscles are involved in pronation?

Answer 28

Pronator quadratus
Pronator teres
(FCR, PL, Brachioradialis)

Question 29

The brachial artery, upon passing the elbow, divides to give?

Answer 29

Radial artery

Ulnar artery

Question 30

Which artery bridges the radial and ulnar arteries?

Answer 30

Common interosseous artery, which also divides to give anterior and posterior interosseous arteries

Question 31

In the arm, there is the cephalic and basilic vein. Which is medial and which is lateral

Answer 31

Cephalic = lateral

Basilic = medial

Question 32

The median cubital vein bridges?

Answer 32

The cephalic vein and the basilic vein.

Often used to take blood from

Question 33

Describe the deep venous drainage of the upper limbs

Answer 33

Radial and ulnar veins, often run in pairs called venae comitantes

Question 34

Explain lymphatic drainage of the upper limbs?

Answer 34

Cubital lymph nodes present and also axillary nodes are draining nodes

Question 35

What are the main nerves of the upper limb?

Answer 35

Musculocutaneous (C5, 6, 7)
Ulnar nerve (C8, T1)
Median nerve (C6,7,8,T1)
Radial nerve (C5,6,7,8,T1)

Question 36

What does the musculocutaneous nerve do?

Answer 36

1. Supplies all anterior compartments of upper arm

2. Sensory to lateral forearm (as lateral cutaneous nerve)

Question 37

What does the median nerve do?

Answer 37

Main muscle supply to muscles of the forearm

Question 38

Which nerve is commonly damaged?

Answer 38

Median nerve

Question 39

The ulnar nerve courses through which compartment of the upper arm?

What does it do?

Answer 39

Courses through posterior compartment of the upper arm

Lies behind medial epicondyle at elbow

Main nerve for hand

Question 40

What does the radial nerve do?

Answer 40

1. Supplies all muscles of posterior compartments of the arm
2. Passes around body of humerus at mid shaft
3. Supplies triceps
4. Courses via anterior compartment of the upper arm distally
5. Divides into deep branch and superficial branch

Deep branch - posterior interosseous nerve (motor)

Superficial branch - superficial radial nerve (sensory)

Question 41

Which nerve supplies all posterior muscles of the forearm?

Answer 41

Radial nerve

Question 42

Which nerve supplies all anterior forearm muscles except FCU and FDP?

Answer 42

Median nerve

Ulnar nerve supplies FCU and Ulnar half of FDP