Anatomy limbs 3 - Elbow, Forearm and Wrist Flashcards
In the elbow, what is the cartilage that links the humerus to the radius and ulna?
Capitulum = radius
Trochlea = ulna
Which 3 fossae allow elbow flexion?
Radial fossa
Coronoid fossa
Olecranon fossa
What membrane separates the radius and ulna?
Interosseus membrane
What 2 things does the interosseous membrane do?
Separates the anterior and posterior compartments
Acts as a site of attachment for muscles in the forearm
What are the bones of the wrist proximal to the hand?
Scaphoid, Lunate, triquetrum and pisiform (sesamoid bone)
What is a sesamoid bone?
A bone that is formed out of tendon or muscle attachment
Does the pisiform articulate at the wrist joint?
No
Which nerve supplies the biceps and brachialis?
Musculocutaneous nerve (C5,6)
Where does the brachialis attach to?
Coronoid process of ulna
Where does the biceps attach to?
Radial tuberosity
Where does the triceps group of muscles attach to?
Olecranon process of ulna
Where are the flexors (and pronators) muscles found in the forearm?
Anteriorly
Where are the extensors (and supinators) muscles found?
Posteriorly
What are the superficial anterior muscles of the forearm?
- Pronator teres (PT)
- Flexor carpi radialis (FCR)
- Palmaris longus (PL)
- Flexor digitorum superficialis (FDS)
- Flexor carpi ulnari (FCU)
What are the deep anterior muscles of the forearm?
- Flexor digitorum profundus (FDP)
- Flexor pollicis longus (FPL)
- Pronator quadratura (PQ)
What muscles originate from the common flexor tendon?
Pronator teres
Flexor carpi radialis
Palmaris longus
Flexor carpi ulnaris
Which muscles move the wrist joint?
Extensor carpi radialis longus (ECRL)
Extensor carpi radialis brevis (ECRB)
Extensor carpi ulnari (ECU)
Which muscles move the digits?
Extensor digitorum (ED) Extensor indices (EI) Extensor digit minimi (EDM)
Which muscles move the thumb?
Abductor pollicis longus (APL)
Extensor pollicis brevis (EPB)
Extensor pollicis longus (EPL)
What do retinaculi do?
They hold down tendons that cross over each other whilst muscles are being flexed
The anular ligament is located where and what is its purpose?
Located near the head of the radius and allows the radius to turn (supination)
Do males or females have a greater carrying angle of the forearm?
Females
What are the 2 main pronator muscles?
Pronator teres and pronator quadratus
Does the distal ulna articulate with the triquetrum carpal bones?
nO
What arm muscles are involved in flexion?
Brachialis
Biceps
Brachioradialis
Pronator teres
What muscles are involved in extension?
Triceps
Anconeus
Which muscles are involved in supination?
Supinator
Biceps
(EPL, ECRL)
Which muscles are involved in pronation?
Pronator quadratus
Pronator teres
(FCR, PL, Brachioradialis)
The brachial artery, upon passing the elbow, divides to give?
Radial artery
Ulnar artery
Which artery bridges the radial and ulnar arteries?
Common interosseous artery, which also divides to give anterior and posterior interosseous arteries
In the arm, there is the cephalic and basilic vein. Which is medial and which is lateral
Cephalic = lateral
Basilic = medial
The median cubital vein bridges?
The cephalic vein and the basilic vein.
Often used to take blood from
Describe the deep venous drainage of the upper limbs
Radial and ulnar veins, often run in pairs called venae comitantes
Explain lymphatic drainage of the upper limbs?
Cubital lymph nodes present and also axillary nodes are draining nodes
What are the main nerves of the upper limb?
Musculocutaneous (C5, 6, 7) Ulnar nerve (C8, T1) Median nerve (C6,7,8,T1) Radial nerve (C5,6,7,8,T1)
What does the musculocutaneous nerve do?
- Supplies all anterior compartments of upper arm
2. Sensory to lateral forearm (as lateral cutaneous nerve)
What does the median nerve do?
Main muscle supply to muscles of the forearm
Which nerve is commonly damaged?
Median nerve
The ulnar nerve courses through which compartment of the upper arm?
What does it do?
Courses through posterior compartment of the upper arm
Lies behind medial epicondyle at elbow
Main nerve for hand
What does the radial nerve do?
- Supplies all muscles of posterior compartments of the arm
- Passes around body of humerus at mid shaft
- Supplies triceps
- Courses via anterior compartment of the upper arm distally
- Divides into deep branch and superficial branch
Deep branch - posterior interosseous nerve (motor)
Superficial branch - superficial radial nerve (sensory)
Which nerve supplies all posterior muscles of the forearm?
Radial nerve
Which nerve supplies all anterior forearm muscles except FCU and FDP?
Median nerve
Ulnar nerve supplies FCU and Ulnar half of FDP
