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Year 2 Collin > Anatomy Limbs 6 - Hip, Buttock and Thigh > Flashcards

Anatomy Limbs 6 - Hip, Buttock and Thigh Flashcards

1
Q

What is dorsiflexion?

A

Raising the toes

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2
Q

What is plantar flexion?

A

Lowering the toes

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3
Q

What type of bone is the patella?

A

Sesamoid bone

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4
Q

What are 3 major compartments of the hip bone?

A

Ilium, Ischium and Pubis

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5
Q

What gap does the ilium, ischium and pubis form?

A

Obturator foramen

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6
Q

What are 2 major types of fracture to the hip/femur?

Which one is more common

A
  1. Fracture of femoral neck
  2. Intertrochanteric fracture

Fracture of femoral neck most common

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7
Q

What are 2 major ligaments in the pelvis?

A
  1. Sacrotuberous ligament

2. Sacrospinous ligament

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8
Q

What are the 2 foramina of the region?

A

Greater and lesser sciatic foramina

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9
Q

How many layers of fascia are there in the hip region?

What is the deep layer of fascia called?

A

2

Fascia lata = deep layer

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10
Q

What is the lateral thickened area of fascia on the thigh known as?

A

Iliotibial tract

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11
Q

Where are the extensors, abductors and external rotators of the hip?

A

Gluteal region

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12
Q

What are the 2 large groups of muscles in the gluteal region?

A
  1. Gluteal muscles

2. Short external (lateral) rotators of the hip

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13
Q

What muscles form the gluteal muscles?

A
  1. Gluteus maximus
  2. Gluteus medius
  3. Gluteus minimus
  4. Tensor fasciae latae
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14
Q

What muscles form the short external (lateral) rotators of the hip?

A
  1. Piriformis
  2. Obturator internus
  3. The gemelli (sup. and inf.)
  4. Quadratus femoris
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15
Q

Where are the 2 attachments of the gluteus Maximus?

A
  1. Gluteal tuberosity (25%)

2. Iliotibial tract (75%)

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16
Q

Where does the gluteus Maximus originate?

A

Posterior part of ilium, sacrum

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17
Q

What other muscle (aside from gluteus Maximus) attaches to the iliotibial tract

A

Tensor fasciae latae

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18
Q

Where does the tensor fasciae latee originate?

A

Anterior part of the iliac crest

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19
Q

What action does the gluteus medius and minimus act for?

A

Abduct and stabilise hip joint

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20
Q

Where does gluteus medius and minimus attach?

A

Greater trochanter of femur

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21
Q

What is the job of the obturator interns, sup/inf gemelli, piriformis etc

A

Stabilise the femur in the head of the acetabulum

and also lateral rotating activity

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22
Q

What is a bursa?

A

A sac of synovial fluid

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23
Q

Which 2 activities is the anterior compartment of the thigh responsible for

A

Hip flexion and knee extension

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24
Q

What are the anterior muscles of the thigh

A
  1. Pectineus
  2. Ilio-psoas
  3. (Tensor fasciae latae)
  4. Sartorius
  5. Quadriceps femoris:

Rectus femoris, vastus medialis, vastus intermedius, vastus lateralis

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25
Q

The iliopsoas consists of 2 muscles which are

A

Psoas major and Iliacus

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26
Q

Proximally, where does sartorius attach?

A

ASIS

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27
Q

What action can the sartorius do?

A

Flex the knee and give external rotation

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28
Q

Which head is most superficial in quadriceps?

A

Rectus femoris

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29
Q

Where does the quadriceps attach to?

A

Patella

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30
Q

What action does the medial compartment of the thigh do?

A

Hip adductors

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31
Q

What muscles are in the medial compartment of the thigh?

A

Hip adductor muscles:

  1. Adductor longus
  2. Adductor brevis
  3. Adductor magnus
  4. Gracilis
  5. Obturator externus
32
Q

Where do the hip adductor muscles attach?

A

Pubic bone

33
Q

What does the adductor Magnus have to allow structure to pass through?

A

Adductor hiatus - small gap

34
Q

What is the action of the posterior compartment of the thigh

A

Knee flexors and hip extensors

35
Q

What 3 muscles form the hamstrings

A
  1. Semimembranosus
  2. Semitendinosus
  3. Biceps femoris
36
Q

Where do the hamstrings attach proximally?

A

Ischial tuberosity

37
Q

Biceps femurs goes from medial to lateral as it descends. Where is its distal attachment?

A

Head of the fibula

38
Q

Which structures form the pes anserinus

A

Sartorius
Gracilis
Semitendinosus
Semimembranosis

39
Q

Where do semimembranosus and semitendinosus attach distally?

A

Medial condyle/shaft of tibia

40
Q

What are the borders of the femoral triangle

A

Superiorly - inguinal ligament

Medially - adductor longus

Laterally - sartorius

41
Q

What does the femoral triangle contain

A

Femoral Vein
Femoral Artery
Femoral Nerve

(medial to lateral)

42
Q

From where to where does the inguinal ligament run

A

ASIS to pubic tubercle

43
Q

What is fascia holds down the femoral triangle?

A

Fascia lata

44
Q

What is the opening called that gives rise to the great saphenous vein?

A

Saphenous opening

45
Q

What does the saphenous vein drain Ito?

A

Femoral vein

46
Q

The adductor canal runs along the medial aspect of the thigh. What are its borders

A
  1. Vastus medialis (anteriorly)
  2. Adductor longus and adductor Magnus posteriorly
  3. Sartorius (medially)
47
Q

What does the adductor canal contain

A

Femoral artery
Femoral vein
Saphenous nerve

48
Q

How does the sciatic nerve pass from pelvis to buttock?

A

Via greater sciatic notch

49
Q

Where does the sciatic nerve lie in the buttock

A

Inferior medial quadrant

50
Q

Along what aspect of the thigh does the sciatic nerve pass?

A

Posterior

51
Q

What does the sciatic nerve divide into?

A

Tibial nerve and common perineal nerve

52
Q

What does the sciatic nerve supply

A

All hamstring muscles and all muscles below knee-level

53
Q

Below which muscle does the sciatic nerve usually pass into the thigh?

A

Piriformis

54
Q

Where is the safe area for i.m injection?

A

Upper lateral region (Avoids hitting sciatic nerve)

55
Q

What does the acetabular labrum do?

A

Deepens the fossa

56
Q

What is the acetabular fossa filled with?

A

Fibro-fatty tissue

57
Q

To what structure does the ligament of the head of femur attach to?

A

Attaches to the head of the femur at the fovea

58
Q

What ligament completes the socket for the femur to insert into?

A

Transverse acetabular ligament

59
Q

What are the ligaments of the hip bone?

A
  1. Iliofemoral ligament
  2. Pubofemoral ligament
  3. Ischio-femoral ligament
  4. Ligament of the head of the femur
60
Q

What are the capsular ligaments of the hip bone

A
  1. Iliofemoral ligament
  2. Pubofemoral ligament
  3. Ischio-femoral ligament
61
Q

What is the main artery branch that supplies the head of the femur?

A

Profunda femoris artery

62
Q

What branches come off the profunda femuris artery

A

Lateral circumflex femoral artery and medial circumflex femoral artery

63
Q

What is unusual about blood supply to the head of the femur

A

It goes distally to proximally - fracture at the neck of the femur can lead to avascular necrosis of the head of the femur

64
Q

Describe the progression of arteries in the thigh region

A

Abdominal aorta splits into external and internal iliac - external iliac passes under inguinal ligament and becomes femoral artery - which then gives off a deep branch

65
Q

How does the femoral artery and vein pass from the anterior compartment to the posterior compartment in the knee?

A

Via the hiatus of adductor Magnus muscle - they then become the POPLITEAL artery and vein

66
Q

What are the superficial veins of the region?

A
  1. Great saphenous vein - joins femoral artery at sapheno-femoral junction
67
Q

What are the deep veins of the region

A
  1. Popliteal vein
  2. Femoral vein
  3. External iliac vein
68
Q

Explain lymph drainage of the region

A

Superficial and deep inguinal lymph nodes present - lots of nodes present

69
Q

Which nerve supplies the anterior compartment of the thigh?

A

Femoral nerve

70
Q

Which nerve supplies the medial compartment of the thigh?

A

Obturator nerve

71
Q

Which nerve supplies the posterior compartment of the thigh?

A

Sciatic nerve - also everything below knee

72
Q

Which roots supply hip flexors?

A

L2/3

73
Q

Which roots supply hip extensors

A

L4/5

74
Q

Which roots supply knee extensors

A

L3/4

75
Q

Which roots supply knee flexors

A

l5/s1

Year 2 Collin (114 decks)

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