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Apex Flashcards > Peptide and Protein Chemical Messengers > Flashcards

Peptide and Protein Chemical Messengers Flashcards

1
Q

opioid peptides (5)

A

beta endorphins
dynorphins
enkaphalins
substance p (tachykinin)
calcitonin gene related peptide (CGRP, produced in neurons)
orexins (hypocretins)

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2
Q

anterior pituitary chormones (6)

A

FSH
LH
adrenocorticotropic hormone
thyroid stimulating hormone
prolactin (PRL)
growth hormone (GH)

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3
Q

posterior pituitary hormones

A

vasopressin (avp, adh)
oxytocin

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4
Q

thyroid and parathyroid chemical messengers

A

PTH (parathyroid hormone)
calcitonin

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5
Q

kidney chemical messengers

A

renin, EPI, urodilatin

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6
Q

placental chemical messengers

A

human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)
human somatomammotropin

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7
Q

pineal gland chemical messenger

A

melatonin

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8
Q

hypothalamus hormones

A

thyrotropin releasing hormone (RH)
corticotropin RH
GH RH
GH somatostatin (inhibiting hormone)
gonadotropin RH
prolactin inhibiting hormone (dopamine)

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9
Q

heart and vessel chemical messengers

A

ANP (atria)
BNP (ventricles and brain)
CNP (endothelium)

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10
Q

GI system chemical messengers (7)

A

gastrin
cholecystokinin
secretin
ghrelin
insulin
glucagon
pancreatic polypeptide

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11
Q

adipose tissue chemical messenger

A

leptin

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12
Q

cytokines

A

interferons
interleukins
lymphokines
tumor necrosis factor (TNF-a)
bradykinin
angiotensin II
vasoactive intestinal peptide

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13
Q

steps in GPCR cAMP pathway of vasodilation

A

NE –> B2 –> Gs GPCR –> adenyl cyclase –> cAMP –> protein kinase A –> decreased Ca2+ –> vasodialtion

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14
Q

how does protein kinase A effect excitation contraction coupling

A

inhibition of VgCa2+ channels in sarcolemma
inhibition of Ca2+ release from SR
reduced sensitivity of myofilaments to Ca2+
facilitation of Ca2+ reuptake into SR via SERCA2 pump

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15
Q

steps in the nitric oxide cGMP pathway of vasodilation

A

nitric oxide synthetase (NOS) catalyzes conversion of L arginine to nitric oxide
NO diffuses from endothelium to smooth muscle
NO activates guanylate cyclase
Guanylate cyclase converts guanosine triphosphate to guanosine monophosphate
increased cGMP reduces intracellular calcium, leading to smooth muscle relaxation
PDE5 deactivates cGMP to guanosine monophosphate

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16
Q

differentiate cardiac myocyte and vascular smooth muscle response to increased cGMP in terms of intracellular calcium

A

increased cGMP increases intracellular calcium for cardiac myocytes but decreases intracellular calcium for vascular smooth muscles

17
Q

steps in phospholipase C pathway of vasoconstriction

A

angiotensin 2 –> a2 receptor –> Gq GPCR –> PLC –> IP3 & DAG –> increased Ca2+ –> vasoconstriction

Apex Flashcards (71 decks)

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