cutting needles, epidural needles, nerve fibers and myelination/function

Question 1

give an example of cutting point spinal needles

Answer 1

quincke, pitkin

Question 2

give an example of two pencil point spinal needles

Answer 2

sprotte, whitacre, pencan

Question 3

what are the 3 different types of epidural needles and provide the angles of all 3 bevels

Answer 3

touhy (30 degrees) , hustead (15 degrees), crawford (0 degrees)

Question 4

absolute contraindications to caudal anesthesia

Answer 4

spina bifida
myelomeningocele
meningitis