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Uworld Step 2 > Pediatrics 7,9,10 > Flashcards

Pediatrics 7,9,10 Flashcards

1
Q

What should be suspected in a baby with DiGeroge syndrome

A
  • low serum calcium levels

- get echocardiography

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2
Q

CATCH for DiGeorge

A
  • Conotruncal cardiac defects
  • Abnormal facies
  • Thymic aplasia
  • Celft palate
  • Hypocalcemia
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3
Q

In patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, maneuvers that increase preload or afterload

A
  • squatting
  • leg raise
  • hand grip
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4
Q

Maneuvers that decrease LV cavity by decreasing preload

A
  • Valsalva
  • abrupt standing
  • amyl nitrite administration
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5
Q

hypertophic cardiomyopathy is common in who and how is it inherited

A

African American

Autosomal Dominant

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6
Q

Appears in age less than 1 with respiratory ( stridor, wheezing, coughing) and/or esophageal (dysphagia, vomiting, difficulty feeding) symptoms. Stridor is biphasic. Improves with neck extension

A

vascular ring

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7
Q

Laryngomalacia

A

collapse of the supraglottic structures during inspiration and presents with chronic inspiration stridor that improves with prone positioning

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8
Q

Pansystolic murmur that is loudest at the left lower sternal border and a diastolic rumble at the apex due to increased flow across the mitral valve

A

large ventricular septal defect

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9
Q

a 2 hour child with single loud second heart sound has what wrong with them

A
  • single loud second heart sound
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10
Q

most common congenital cyanotic heart disease in the neonatal period

A

D-transposition of the great vessels

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11
Q

x-ray finding for D-transposition of the great vessles

A

“egg on a string” ( narrow mediastinum)

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12
Q

Beck’s triad

A
  • distant heart sounds
  • distended jugular veins
  • hypotension
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13
Q

Trisomy 18 baby with murmur at left lower sternal bordner

A

VSD

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14
Q

Most common heart defect in down syndrome

A

complete atrioventricular septal defect

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15
Q

what is an innocent cardiac murmur

A
  • intesnity is grade I or II

- decreases with standing

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16
Q

what maneuvers reduce the intensity of innocent murmurs

A

decrease venous blood return ( standing, Valsalva)

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17
Q

patients with prolonged QT intervals are at risk for

A
  • syncope
  • ventricular arrhythmias
  • sudden cardiac death
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18
Q

Those with congenital QT prolongation should avoid

A
  • electrolyte derangements

- medications that block potassium channels

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19
Q

how do you prevent cardiac arrest in prolonged QT syndrome

A

beta blockers with pacemaker

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20
Q

greater than 5 day fever, bilateral nonexudate conjunctivitis, mucositis, cervical lymphadenopathy, rash and extremity changes

A

kawasaki

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21
Q

treatment for kawasaki

A

aspirin and intravenous immunoglobulin

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22
Q

Most serious potential sequelae of Kawasaki

A

coronary artery aneurysms

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23
Q

hear a harsh III/VI holosystolic murmur, next step

A
  • echocardiography, not reassurance because it is harsh III/VI
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24
Q

can viral myocarditis cause liver problems

A

yes, hepatomegaly

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25
Q

Difficulty swallowing, feeding refusal and vomiting should raise concern for

A

foreign body ingestion

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26
Q

what ethnicity has decreased UGT activity

A

asians

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27
Q

child with impaired adaption to darkness, photophobia, dry scaly skin, xerosis conjunctive, sources cornea keratomalacia, bitot spots and folllicular hyperkeratosis of shoulders, buttocks, and extensor surfaces

A

vitamin A deficiency

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28
Q

white baby with growth failure and recurrent sinopulmonary infections typically raise concern for

A

cystic fibrosis

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29
Q

pancreatic insufficiency in baby can lead to

A
  • steatorrheahea
  • failure to thrive
  • vitamin deficiencies
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30
Q

Common associations with celiac disease

A
  • type 1 diabetes

- dermatitis herpetrifromis

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31
Q

how can celiac disease present

A
  • weight loss

- iron deficiency anemia

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32
Q

the only absolute infant contraindication to breastfeeding is

A

galactosemia

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33
Q

Classic signs of older children with biliary cyst

A

abdominal pain, jaundice and may have pancreatitis

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34
Q

what should be suspected in all children with recurrent intussusception

A

Meckel’s diverticulum

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35
Q

Triple bubble sign on x-ray and gasless colon

A

Jejunal atresia

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36
Q

risk factors for jejunal atresia

A
  • exposure to cocaine and other vasoconstrictive drugs
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37
Q

what is the workup if a baby has bilious emesis

A
  • abdominal x-ray then contrast enema
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38
Q

electrolyte values after prolonged vomiting

A
  • hypochloremic
  • hypokalemic
  • metabolic alkalosis
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39
Q

next step of management if something is in esophagus

A

removed immediately

40
Q

what should be suspected in a newborn with feeding intolerance, abdominal dissension and bloody stools

A

necrotizing enterocolitis

41
Q

risk factors for necrotizing enterocolitis

A
  • prematurity
  • hypotension
  • congenital heart disease
42
Q

hallmark x-ray finding for necrotizing enterocolitis

A

pneumatosis intestinalis

43
Q

in child, recurrent self-limiting episodes of vomiting and nausea without an apparent cause suggets

A

cyclical vomiting

44
Q

someone with cyclical vomiting my have a family history of what

A

migraine

45
Q

what should be suspected when a well-appearing neonate has painless bloody stools

A

milk or say-protein proctocolitis

46
Q

newborns with conjugated hyperbilirubinemia and hepatomegaly

A

biliary atresia

47
Q

painless hematochezia in a young toddler is most likely due to

A

Mecke’s diverticulum

48
Q

how is Meckel’s diverticulum diagnosed

A

technetium-99th pertechnetate scanning

49
Q

what is gold standard for diagnosing malrotation

A

upper gastrointestinal contrast

50
Q

what syndrome has an increased risk of Alzheimer and hypothyroidism

A

Down syndrome

51
Q

Choanal atresia can be part of what sydnrome

A

CHARGE

52
Q

what does CHARGE stand fro

A
  • Coloboma
  • Heart Defects
  • Atresia
  • retardation of growth/development
  • Genito-urinary anomalies
  • ear
53
Q

Moderate to severe dehydration in children should be treated with an

A

intravenous bolus of isotonic fluid

54
Q

what is major protein in human milk

A

whey: more easily digested than casein and whey helps to improve gastric emptying

55
Q

what is usually elevated in during pregnancy for gastroschisis

A

increase AFP

56
Q

infant with macrosomia, macroglossia, umbilical hernia/omphalocele, hemihyperplasia, and hypoglycemia

A

Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome

57
Q

Patients with Beckwith-Wiedmann syndrome are at significantly increased risk for what

A
  • Wilms tumor

- hepatoblastoma

58
Q

how do you screen for Beckwith-Wiedmann syndrome

A
  • abdominal ultrasound and alpha-fetoprotein levels
59
Q

what is first-line modality in diagnosing intussusception

A

ultrasound

60
Q

how do you reduce obstruction of intusseception

A

air enema

61
Q

Increased gastric residual volume, vomiting, and abdominal distension in a preterm neonate are highly suspicious of

A

necrotizing enterocolitis

62
Q

X-ray finding for necrotizing enterocolitis

A

Pneumatosis intestinalis and portal venous air

63
Q

Niacin ( vitamin B3) deficiency causes

A
  • pellagra: diarrhea, dermatitis, dementia, and possibly death
64
Q

Angular cheilitis, stomatitis, glossitis, normocytic-normochromic anemia- and seborrheic dermatitis

A

riboflavin B2 deficiency

65
Q

angular cheilitis

A

fissures at corners of lips

66
Q

excess pyridoxine can cause

A

peripheral neuropathy

67
Q

Trichotillomanis has high comorbidity with

A

OCD

68
Q

what group of kids (2) are at increased risk of precocious sexual development

A
  1. obese children

2. black or hispanic ethnicities

69
Q

Isolated premature-adrenarche is a significant risk factor for

A

PCOS
type 2 diabetes
metabolic syndorme

70
Q

When should vaccines be given to preterm infants

A
  • chronologic age rather than gestational age
71
Q

what is the qualifting factor for first Hepatitis B vaccine to be given

A

weight should be greater than 2 Kg ( 4lb 6oz)

72
Q

Metatarsus adductus? txt?

A

congenital foot deformity in which the forefoot turns inward
- resolves spontaneously

73
Q

hydroxyurea benefits patients with sickle cell by

A

increasing fetal hemoglobin

74
Q

a girl with foul-smelling vaingal discharge and vaginal spotting or bleeding? txt?

A

vaginal foreign bodies

- calcium alginate swab or irrigation with warmed fluid

75
Q

sickle cell patient with sudden drop in hemoglobin with a very low reticulocyte count and lack of hepatosplenomaegaly?

A

aplastic crises

76
Q

New-onset hearing loss or chronic ear drainage despite antibiotic therapy are typical presenting symptoms of ?

A

cholesteatomas

77
Q

symptoms of iron poisoning ? X-ray findings? txt?

A
  • abdominal pain
  • hematemesis
  • metabolic acidosis
  • radiopaque on x-ray
  • Deferoxamine
78
Q

vaso-occulsion of the bone in sickle cell can cause

A

osteonecrosis

79
Q

mutation in type 1 colllagen

A

osteogenesis imperfecta

80
Q

define polycythemia in term newborn

A

hematocrit greater than 65 percent

81
Q

risk factors for polycythemia

A
  • cord clamping
  • maternal hypertension
  • maternal diabetes mellitus
82
Q

symptoms for polycythemia in term newbron

A
  • respiratory distress
  • hypoglycemia
  • neurologic
83
Q

most common cause of urinary tract obstruction in newborn boys

A

posterior urethral valves

84
Q

Can an 18th month old run or walk independently

A

yes

85
Q

gold standard for confirmation of muscular dystrophy is

A

genetic testing

86
Q

Most common cause of breast mass in adolescent

A

fibroadenoma

87
Q

adolescent patient with suspected fibroadenoma should be examined when

A

after menstrual period for decrease in mass size or tenderness

88
Q

how should you work up NK1

A

MRI

89
Q

how is myotonic muscular dystrophy inherited

A

autosomal dominant

90
Q

grip myotonia, facial weakness, foot drop, dysphagia, and cardiac conduction anomalies. Cataracts, testicular atrophy/infertility and balness

A

myotonic muscular dystrophy

91
Q

treatment for central precocious pubety

A
  • always get CT or MRI

- GnRH analog therapy

92
Q

uncomplicated acute bacterial rhinosinusitis should be treated with

A

oral amoxicillin-clavulanic acid

93
Q

differential diagnosis of a solitary, painful, lytic long bone lesion with overlying swelling and hypercalcemia in child

A

Langerhans cell histiocytosis

94
Q

increasing head circumference and signs of increased intracranial pressure in children should be evaluated how?

A

CT scan of brain

95
Q

Most common type of brain tumor in children

A

astrocytoma

96
Q

contraindications for DTP vaccine

A
  • immediate anaphylaxis
  • unstable neurologic disorders
  • encephaolopathy within a week
97
Q

first line treatment for seborrheic dermatits

A

emollients and nonmedicated shampoos

Uworld Step 2 (30 decks)

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