Deck 40: Internal Medicine

Question 1

Most common complication of ankylosing spondylitis

Answer 1

anterior uveitis

Question 2

Episcleritis

Answer 2

inflammation at the white of the eye

Question 3

earliest renal abnormality seen in diabetic nephropathy

Answer 3

earliest sign: glomerular hyperfilteration

2nd: thickening of glomerular basement membrane
3rd: mesangial expansion
4th: nodular sclerosis

Question 4

what causes graft vs host ? what happens?

Answer 4

• recognition of host major and minor HLA antigen by DONOR T-cells
• affects skin (rash), intestine (diarrhea), liver (abnormal levels)

Question 5

what happens when host T lymphocytes gets activated in graft. vs. host

Answer 5

mediates rejection of the graft

Question 6

medications to shown to improve long-term survival in patients with left ventricular systolic dysfunction

Answer 6

1. beta blocker
2. ACE inhibitors
3. angiotensin II receptor
4. mineralcorticoid receptor antagonist
5. African Americans: hydralazine and nitrates

Question 7

Ranolazine is what type of drug

Answer 7

antianginal agent

Question 8

Side effect of Isoniazid

Answer 8

liver injury histological features similar to viral hepatitis

Question 9

what antibodies suggest autoimmune hepatitis

Answer 9

antinuclear antibody

smooth muscle antibody

Question 10

Effect modification

Answer 10

external variable positively or negatively impacts the effect of a risk factor on the disease of interest

Question 11

Confounding vs. effect modification

Answer 11

confounding: no difference in the risk of getting the disease when the extra variable is removed.

Question 12

what diuretic is good to lower changes of urinary calcium excretion

Answer 12

thiazide diuretics

Question 13

Icthyosis vulgaris

Answer 13

chronic inherited skin disorder

- diffuse dermal scaling

Question 14

treatment for icthyosis vulgaris

Answer 14

emollients
kerotyltics
topical retinoids

Question 15

most common cause of death in dialysis patients

Answer 15

cardiovascular disease

Question 16

Patient presents with sudden onset of severe shortness of breath, what should be ruled out immediately

Answer 16

upper airway obstruction

Question 17

Hereditary spherocytosis triad

Answer 17

hemolytic anemia
jaundice
splenomegaly

Question 18

Lab findings for hereditary spherocytosis

Answer 18

high mean cell hemoglobin concentration

high red blood cell distribution width

Question 19

pathophysiologic Raynaud phenomenon

Answer 19

episodic vasoaspams

Question 20

Intermittent claudication

Answer 20

muscle cramps

Question 21

potential side effects of loop diuretics

Answer 21

hypokalemia
metabolic alkalosis
pre renal kidney injury

Question 22

bowl ischemia causes what acid base distrubance

Answer 22

anion gap acidosis

Question 23

acid base distrubance with mild acute kidney injury

Answer 23

metabolic acidosis and hyperkalemia

Question 24

acute pancreatitis complicated by hypotension is thought to arise from

Answer 24

intravascular volume loss secondary to local and systemic vascular endothelial injury

Question 25

treatment for myasthenia gravis

Answer 25

Pyridostigmine, long-acting oral acetylcholinesterase inhibitor

Question 26

specific serologic marker for systemic sclerosis

Answer 26

anti-topoisomerase I ( anti-Scl-70)

Question 27

anti-cardiolipin

Answer 27

antiphospholipid

Question 28

antimitochondrial abs

Answer 28

primary biliary cholangitis