Pediatrics 6, 8 Flashcards
When is a lymph node a concerned finding
- greater than 2 cm
- firm, immobile nodes
- signs of systemic illness
Erythema infectiosum?
- fifth disease
- parvovirus B19
what is a rapid specific test for infectious mononucleosis
heterophile antibody test (monospot)
Bordetella pertussis patients can develop what?
lymphocytosis
what are the 3 phases of Bordetella pertussis
- catarrhal
- paroxysmal
- convalescent
what happens in the paroxysmal phase of Bordetella pertussis
- paroxysms of coughing
- posttussive emesis
who should receive post exposure prophylaxis with varicella exposure
all nonimmune, asymptomatic, healthy patient age 1 year or greater
Most common cause of osteomyelitis in both infants and children
Staphylococcus aureus
frequent cause of osteomyelitis in patients with sickle cell anemia
Salmonella
Most common pathogen for acute, unilateral cervical lymphadenitis in children is?
Staph aureus
bilateral subacute-chronic lymphadenopathy along with systemic symptoms such as fever, pharyngitis, and hepatosplenomegaly
Epstein-Barr virus
Who accord salmonella enteritidis
reptiles
Most common causes of acute bacterial rhinosinusitis
- streptococcus pneumoniae
- Haemophilus influenzae
Treatment of choice for bacterial rhinosinusitis
Amoxicillin-Clavulanic acid
when do antistreptolysin O antibodies peak?
month after streptococcal infection
how do you confirm strep in a child
- rapid streptococcal antigen testing
- throat culture
The most common predisposing factor for acute bacterial sinusitis is
viral upper respiratory infection
what should be suspected in any ill patients, especially those with a febrile paroxysms, who have traveled to an endemic-tropical region? and what should be ordered
- malaria
- thick and thin blood smears
Fever, toxicity, pharyntitis, sandpaper-like rash, circumoral pallor and strawberry tongue
Scarlet fever
what is herpangina and what causes it
throat infection
- Coxsackie A
Patients with croup and stridor at rest ( moderate to severe croup) should be treated how
- corticosteroids and nebulizer epinephrine
Pain with extra ocular movements, visual impairment, and ophthalmoplegia
orbital cellulitis
Dangerous complications of orbital cellulitis
- orbital abscess
- intracranial infection
- cavernous sinus venous thrombosis
Difference between perceptual cellulitis and orbital cellulitis
preseptal: infection of eyelid anterior to orbital septum
orbital: infection of posterior to the orbital septum
Most common cause of viral meningitis
non-polop enteroviruses
- echoviruses
- coxsackievirus
what is the most appropriate way to limit the risk of infection in household contacts with someone with Bordetella pertussis
prophylaxis is recommended for all close contacts despite vaccination, give macrolide
children who present with fever, dysphagia, inability to extend neck, muffled voice and lateral x-ray showing a widened prevertebral space
retropharyngeal abscess
most common pathogen isolated in infants and young children with cystic fibrosis
Staphylococcus aureus
most common cause of cystic fibrosis pneumonia in adults and contributes to life-threatening decline in pulmonary function
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
complications associated with orbital cellulitis and not perceptual cellulitis
- diplopia
- decreased visual acuity
- ophthalmoplegia
United states, most common source of rabies
bats
treatment for pasteurella multocida
Amoxicillin and clavulanate
what causes laryngomalacia
collapse of supraglottic structures during inspiration
- infectious symptoms are not seen
Most common cause of sepsis in patients with sickle cell disease
Streptococcus pneumoniae
Patients with sickle cell should receive what until at least age 5
prophylactic penicllin
what is herpangina
vesicles on the hard palate
what should be suspected in paroxysmal cough and possessive emesis
Pertussis
Triad of congenital rubella syndrome
- sensorineural hearing loss
- cardiac defects
- cataracts
Congenital syphilis presents with what in contention infection
- jaundice, hepatosplenomegaly, blueberry muffin spots, and growth restriction
- more specific findings: copious rhinorrhea and maculopapular rash that may desquamte or become bulls
patient with acute fever, joint pain, turbid synovial fluid, and neutrophil-predominant leukocytosis
septic arthritis
can you give intra-articular corticosteroid injection for septic arthritis
nope
what are the most common cause of acute unilateral lymphadenitis in children,
staphlyococcus arueus
Streptococcus pyogenes
most common causes of neonatal sepsis
Group B streptococcus
E. coli
painful pustules and honey-crusted lesions
non-bullous impetigo
treatment for non-bulbous impetigo for localized infection
topical mupirocin
First line treatment for enterobius vermicularis
- Albendazole and pyrantal pamoate
when is maternal-fetal transmission of rubella teratogenic
first-trimester
a neonate has what following umbilical stump infection
neonatal tetanus
what is and what causes posterior oropharyngeal vesicles/ulcerations?
herpangina caused by coxsackie viral infection
who is doxycycline contraindicated in
- children less than 8 years
- pregnant women
treatment of choice for lyme disease for pregnant women and children less than 8
Amoxicillin
complication of mumps
aseptic meningitis and orchitis
what is a neonate with temperature instability ( fever or hypothermia), poor feeding and lethargy.
neonatal sepsis
