Block 61: Cardio Flashcards
Exaggerated fall in systemic blood pressure greater than 10 mm Hg during inspiration
Pulsus Paradoxus
when does pulsus paradoxus occur
cardiac tamponade
severe asthma
COPD
when does fat embolism occur following an injury
12-24 hours
how does patient present with anaphylaxis shock
hypotension tachycardia urticarial rash wheezing maybe upper airway edema
most common cause of dilated cardiomyopathy in relatively young adults
viral myocarditis
what are PE findings that indicated cardiac tamponade
hypotension
tachycardia
distended jugular veins
pulsus paradoxus
Mobitz type I AV block
progressive prolongation of PR interval and drop QRS
first-degree AV block is
prolonged PR interval
initial management of pulmonary hypertension
loop diuretics
ACE inhibitors
when is carotid endarterectomy indicated
- symptomatic carotid artery stenosis 70-99%
- men with asymptomatic carotid artery stenosis of 60-99%
transient loss of consciousness along with loss of postural or motor tone during urination ? what triggers this
situational (postmicturition) syncope
- alteration in autonomic response, lead to cardioinhibitory, vasodepressor or mixed response
how do nitrates help the heart
- lower preload
- lower left ventricular end-diastolic vasodilation
- reduce wall stress
- reduce oxygen demand
who automatically gets put on statin
diabetic patients age 40-75 years
role of fish oil
reduce serum triglycerides
initial medical management of patients with acute aortic dissecion
IV beta blockers
pulsatile abdominal mall
abdominal aortic aneurysm
study of choice for diagnosis and follow-up of abdominal aortic aneurysms
Ultrasound
patient has systolic-diastolic abdominal bruit, has high specificity for what
reno-vascular hypertension
patient with epigastric burning provoked by exertion ( heavy lifting) and relieved over several minutes by rest
atypical angina
initial test for suspected stable ischemic heart disease
exercise stress test.
what should be obtained in all patients with syncope due to structural heart defect
echocardiogram
upright tilt table testing, tests for
vasovagal syncope
Dobutamine MOA? effects on heart
strong beta-1 receptor
weak beta-2 and alpha-1
- increase myocardial contractility, better EF
- reduced left ventricular end-sysolic volume
- symptomatic improvement of decompensated CHF
electrical alternans (varying amplitude of QRS complexes) with sinus tachycardia is ? treatment?
large pericardial effusion
- pericardiocentesis
when is primary percutaneous coronary intervention PCI recommended
within 90 mins.
but can be done 12 hours within onset
treatment for acute pericarditis
NSAID
renovascular hypertension should be suspected in all patients with resistant hypertension and
- diffuse atherosclerosis
- asymmetric kidney size
- recurrent flash pulmonary edema
- increase in creatinine great than 30%
aortic regurgitation murmur
- high-pitched, blowing
- decrescendo diastolic murmur, begins after A2
- left sternal border between 3rd and 4th intercostal space
what type of murmurs are usually due to underlying pathologic cuases
diastolic and continuous
treatment for heart block
pacemaker
side effects of amiodorone
hypo/hyperthyroidism hepatotoxicity bradycardia heart block pneumonitis neurologic symptoms visual disturbances
progressive dyspnea, decreased exercise tolerance, atrial fibrillation with RVR, and LV systolic function, diagnosis? treatment?
tachycardia-mediated cardiomyopathy
- aggressive rate control
- restoration of normal sinus rhythm
basic work up for patients are who initially diagnosed with hypertension
- urinalysis
- chem panal
- lipid profile
- baseline electrocardiogram
