Pediatrics 3,4,5 Flashcards
Is left axis deviation on neonatal electrocardiogram normal
no
What is tricuspid valve atresia? EKG reading? Chest radiograph reading?
- cyanotic congenital heart defect
- left axis deviation on electrocardiogram
- decreased pulmonary markings on chest radiograph due to hypoplasia of right ventricle and pulmonary outflow tract
Complete atrioventricular canal defect is associated with what syndrome
Down Syndrome
Chest X-ray for complete atrioventricular canal defect
- increased pulmonary markings and cardiomegaly
Ebstein’s anomaly associated with?
Maternal lithium use
EKG and X-ray for Ebstein anomaly
EKG: tall P waves ( displacement of malformed tricuspid valve intro right ventricle, tricuspid regurgitation and right atrial enlargement)
X-Ray: cardiomegaly
Tetralogy of Fallot has a right or left axis deviation
right
Total anomalous pulmonary venous return EKG and X - ray findings
EKG: right axis deviation
X-ray: increased pulmonary markings
truncus arteriosus is associated with
DiGeroge Syndrome
Truncus arteriosus X-ray
- cardiomegaly and increased pulmonary vascular markings
Most common complication for sickle cell trait ?
painless hematuria
Isosthenuria
impairment in concentrating ability in kidney
Most common cause of bacterial meningitis in children and young adults
Meningococcal meningitis
Patient with signs of meningitis and petechial rash most likely has what
Neisseria meningitides
Define petechial rash
erythematous, non blanching pinpoint rash
complete androgen insensitivity syndrome is genetically and phenotypically what
genetics: 46XY
phenotypically: female
Cryptorchid gonads has a risk of developing what
Dysgerminoma or gonadoblastoma after puberty
Henoch-Schonlein purpura is associated with what GI symptoms
ileo-ileal intussesception
clinical feature of intussesception
- abdominal pain
- Currant jelly or bloody stool
The first step in management of a newborn with respiratory compromise and suspected congenital diaphragmatic hernia is
endotracheal intubation
- after its secure, place nasal or orogastric tube
what should be suspected in any newborn with failure to pass meconium within 48 hours after birth, especially in setting of Down syndrome
Hirschsprung disease
In patients with apparent subcutaneous emphysema secondary to severe coughing paroxysms, what should first be ordered
Chest x-ray to rule out pneumothorax
pruritic rash characterized by small erythematous papules and burrows in the axillae, periumbilical area, genitalia, and interdigital web space
Scabies
first-line treatment for Scabes
topical 5% permethrin or oral ivermectin
Acute, intensely puritic, erythematous papules located ion flexor surfaces
atopic dermatitis
Undetected hearing impairment can lead to what in children
-poor language development and social skills
Goat milk is deficient in what mineral
folate
Sandifer syndrome
intermittent opisthotonic posturing
physiologic reflux and pathologic features differences in infants
pathologic reflux: failure to thrive, sandier syndrome, poor weight gain, drop in growth percentiles
Cerebral palsy
group of syndromes characterized by non progressive motor dysfunction
what is leading risk factor for cerebral palsy
prematurity
what form is most commonly seen in preterm infants
spastic diplegia: hypertonia and hyperreflexia that involves the lower extremeties with both feet pointing down and inward ( equinovarus deformity)
Osgood-Schlatter disease?
traction apophysitis of the tibial tubercle
Difference between patellar tendonitis and Osgood-Schlatter
Patellar tendonitis have point tenderness at the inferior pole of the patella
Radiograph findings of anterior soft tissue swelling, lifting of tubercle from shaft and irregularity or fragmentation of tubercle
Osgood-Schlatter disease
Appear normal at birth but gradually develop apathy, weakness, hypotonia, large tongue, sluggish movement, abdominal bloating, and an umbilical hernia
congenital hypothyroidism
Werdnig-Hoffman syndrome
degeneration of anterior horn cells and cranial nerve motor nuclei
- cause “floppy baby” syndrome
Treatment for congenital hypothyroids
levothyroxine
children 2 year or younger with first febrile UTI should be treated and followed how?
1-2 weeks of antibiotics
renal and bladder ultrasound
- if abnormalities found or neonate then void cystourethrogram
VSD are best heard where
left lower sternal border
Vulvovaginitis and nocturnal perianal parities can be
enterobius vermicularis ( pinworm)
Treatment for Enterobius vermicularis
Albendazole or pyrantel pamoate
