Pediatrics 3,4,5

Question 1

Is left axis deviation on neonatal electrocardiogram normal

Answer 1

no

Question 2

What is tricuspid valve atresia? EKG reading? Chest radiograph reading?

Answer 2

• cyanotic congenital heart defect
• left axis deviation on electrocardiogram
• decreased pulmonary markings on chest radiograph due to hypoplasia of right ventricle and pulmonary outflow tract

Question 3

Complete atrioventricular canal defect is associated with what syndrome

Answer 3

Down Syndrome

Question 4

Chest X-ray for complete atrioventricular canal defect

Answer 4

• increased pulmonary markings and cardiomegaly

Question 5

Ebstein’s anomaly associated with?

Answer 5

Maternal lithium use

Question 6

EKG and X-ray for Ebstein anomaly

Answer 6

EKG: tall P waves ( displacement of malformed tricuspid valve intro right ventricle, tricuspid regurgitation and right atrial enlargement)

X-Ray: cardiomegaly

Question 7

Tetralogy of Fallot has a right or left axis deviation

Answer 7

right

Question 8

Total anomalous pulmonary venous return EKG and X - ray findings

Answer 8

EKG: right axis deviation

X-ray: increased pulmonary markings

Question 9

truncus arteriosus is associated with

Answer 9

DiGeroge Syndrome

Question 10

Truncus arteriosus X-ray

Answer 10

• cardiomegaly and increased pulmonary vascular markings

Question 11

Most common complication for sickle cell trait ?

Answer 11

painless hematuria

Question 12

Isosthenuria

Answer 12

impairment in concentrating ability in kidney

Question 13

Most common cause of bacterial meningitis in children and young adults

Answer 13

Meningococcal meningitis

Question 14

Patient with signs of meningitis and petechial rash most likely has what

Answer 14

Neisseria meningitides

Question 15

Define petechial rash

Answer 15

erythematous, non blanching pinpoint rash

Question 16

complete androgen insensitivity syndrome is genetically and phenotypically what

Answer 16

genetics: 46XY
phenotypically: female

Question 17

Cryptorchid gonads has a risk of developing what

Answer 17

Dysgerminoma or gonadoblastoma after puberty

Question 18

Henoch-Schonlein purpura is associated with what GI symptoms

Answer 18

ileo-ileal intussesception

Question 19

clinical feature of intussesception

Answer 19

• abdominal pain

- Currant jelly or bloody stool

Question 20

The first step in management of a newborn with respiratory compromise and suspected congenital diaphragmatic hernia is

Answer 20

endotracheal intubation

- after its secure, place nasal or orogastric tube

Question 21

what should be suspected in any newborn with failure to pass meconium within 48 hours after birth, especially in setting of Down syndrome

Answer 21

Hirschsprung disease

Question 22

In patients with apparent subcutaneous emphysema secondary to severe coughing paroxysms, what should first be ordered

Answer 22

Chest x-ray to rule out pneumothorax

Question 23

pruritic rash characterized by small erythematous papules and burrows in the axillae, periumbilical area, genitalia, and interdigital web space

Answer 23

Scabies

Question 24

first-line treatment for Scabes

Answer 24

topical 5% permethrin or oral ivermectin

Question 25

Acute, intensely puritic, erythematous papules located ion flexor surfaces

Answer 25

atopic dermatitis

Question 26

Undetected hearing impairment can lead to what in children

Answer 26

-poor language development and social skills

Question 27

Goat milk is deficient in what mineral

Answer 27

folate

Question 28

Sandifer syndrome

Answer 28

intermittent opisthotonic posturing

Question 29

physiologic reflux and pathologic features differences in infants

Answer 29

pathologic reflux: failure to thrive, sandier syndrome, poor weight gain, drop in growth percentiles

Question 30

Cerebral palsy

Answer 30

group of syndromes characterized by non progressive motor dysfunction

Question 31

what is leading risk factor for cerebral palsy

Answer 31

prematurity

Question 32

what form is most commonly seen in preterm infants

Answer 32

spastic diplegia: hypertonia and hyperreflexia that involves the lower extremeties with both feet pointing down and inward ( equinovarus deformity)

Question 33

Osgood-Schlatter disease?

Answer 33

traction apophysitis of the tibial tubercle

Question 34

Difference between patellar tendonitis and Osgood-Schlatter

Answer 34

Patellar tendonitis have point tenderness at the inferior pole of the patella

Question 35

Radiograph findings of anterior soft tissue swelling, lifting of tubercle from shaft and irregularity or fragmentation of tubercle

Answer 35

Osgood-Schlatter disease

Question 36

Appear normal at birth but gradually develop apathy, weakness, hypotonia, large tongue, sluggish movement, abdominal bloating, and an umbilical hernia

Answer 36

congenital hypothyroidism

Question 37

Werdnig-Hoffman syndrome

Answer 37

degeneration of anterior horn cells and cranial nerve motor nuclei
- cause “floppy baby” syndrome

Question 38

Treatment for congenital hypothyroids

Answer 38

levothyroxine

Question 39

children 2 year or younger with first febrile UTI should be treated and followed how?

Answer 39

1-2 weeks of antibiotics
renal and bladder ultrasound
- if abnormalities found or neonate then void cystourethrogram

Question 40

VSD are best heard where

Answer 40

left lower sternal border

Question 41

Vulvovaginitis and nocturnal perianal parities can be

Answer 41

enterobius vermicularis ( pinworm)

Question 42

Treatment for Enterobius vermicularis

Answer 42

Albendazole or pyrantel pamoate