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Uworld Step 2 > Block 58: Cardio > Flashcards

Block 58: Cardio Flashcards

1
Q

Intermittent claudication and positive ankle-brachial index indicates what disease

A

peripheral arterial disease

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2
Q

most useful intervention to improve functional capacity and reduce claudication in PAD patients

A

supervised graded exercise program

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3
Q

what medications can you start with a patient with peripheral artery disease

A

aspirin and statin

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4
Q

when does ventricular aneurysm occur in MI ? EKG show?

A

Late complication

- persistent ST-segment elevation along with deep Q waves

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5
Q

when does papillary muscle rupture occur after an MI

A

2-7 days post MI

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6
Q

important factors in improving patient survival in sudden cardiac arrest ar

A
  • adequate bystander compression only CPR
  • prompt rhythm analysis
  • defibrillation
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7
Q

most common cause of mitral regurgitation in developed countries

A

Mitral valve prolapse

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8
Q

Displaced apical impulse, holosystolic murmur and 3rd heart sound, diagnosis

A

severe mitral regurgitation

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9
Q

what does mild mitral regurgitation cause

A

mid-systolic click

mid-to-late systolic murmur

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10
Q

what does severe mitral regurgitation cause

A

holosystolic murmur

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11
Q

what does chronic severe mitral regurgitation cause

A
  • left arterial and ventricular enlargement leading to a-fib
  • left ventricular dysfunction
  • CHF
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12
Q

transient loss of consciousness accompanied by loss of postural or motor tone with a spontaneous return to baseline neurologic function

A

syncope

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13
Q

orthostatic (postural) hypotension

A

dpop in systolic blood pressure greater than 20 or diastolic greater than 10 within 2-5 min of standing from a supine position

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14
Q

Difference between arrhythmic cause of syncope and vasovagal or neurocardiogenic syncope

A
  • arrhythmic: no prodromal
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15
Q

immediate effects of cocaine on the heart

A

sympathomimetic

  • hypertension
  • tachycardia
  • pupillary dilation
  • psychomotor agitation
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16
Q

doing cocaine puts at risk for

A

causes coronary vasoconstriction
promotes thrombus formation
increases risk of MI and infarction

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17
Q

EKG for acute pericarditis

A

diffuse ST-segment elevation

PR-segment depression

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18
Q

intermittent claudication, diminished pulses and abnormal (<1) ankle brachial index suggests

A

peripheral artery disease

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19
Q

what is the major cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with peripheral artery disease

A

cardiovascular disease

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20
Q 
RA pressure 
Pulmonary capillary wedge pressure
Cardiac index ( pump function)
Systemic vascular resistance 
Mixed venous oxygen saturation

cardiogenic shock

A 
RA: increased
PCWP: Increased
CI: Decrease decease
SVR: Increase
MvO2: decrease
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21
Q 
RA pressure 
Pulmonary capillary wedge pressure
Cardiac index ( pump function)
Systemic vascular resistance 
Mixed venous oxygen saturation

hypovolemic shock

A 
RA: decrease
PCWP: decrease
CI: decrease 
SVR: increase
MvO2: decrease
22
Q 
RA pressure 
Pulmonary capillary wedge pressure
Cardiac index ( pump function)
Systemic vascular resistance 
Mixed venous oxygen saturation

septic shock

A 
RA: normal or decrease
PCEP: normal or decrease 
CI: increase
SVR: decrease
MvO2: increase
23
Q

how does CHF impact kidney

A

preferential vasoconstriction of efferent renal arterioles which increases intraglomerular pressure in order to maintain adequate glomerular filtration rate

24
Q

wide-complex tachycardia with 2 fusion beats is diagnostic for

A

sustained monomorphic ventricular tachycardia

25
Q

treatment for sustained monomorphic ventricular tachycardia

A

IV amiodarone

26
Q

carotid sinus massage is useful vagal maneuver to terminate

A

paroxysmal supra ventricular tachycardia

27
Q

what is esmolol and what is it used for

A

ultra-short-acting beta blocker

- rapid rate control in atrial flutter or fibrillation

28
Q

symptomatic sinus bradycardia should be treated how? patients with inadequate response with sinus bradycardia should further be treated with

A

IV atropine

- IV epinephrine and dopamine or transcutaneous pacing

29
Q

Holosystolic murmur best heard at the apex with radiation to the axilla

A

mitral regurgitation

30
Q

how does inelastic pericardium cause right sided heart failure

A

prevents venous return to the right heart during inspiration

31
Q

patient has progressive peripheral edema, elevated jugular venous pressure, haptomegaly and ascites. has

A

Constrictive pericardtitis

32
Q

what can cause constrictive pericarditis

A

medastinal irradtion

33
Q

how is hypertrophic cardiomyopathy inherited? what is mutated

A

autosomal dominant genetic disorder

  • cardiac myosin binding protein C gene
  • cardiac beta-myosin heavy chain gene
34
Q

aortic dissection involving the carotid or vertebral arteries can cause

A

cerebral hypo perfusion

35
Q

Ascending aortic dissection can cause

A

cardiac tamponade: hypotension, pulses paradoxus, elevated JVD,
acute aortic regurgitation

36
Q

Loop diuretics can cause what electrolyte abnormality

A

hypokalemia

hypomagnesemia

37
Q

class of drug for metolozone

A

thiazide

38
Q

when do you not use a beta blocker in MI

A

presence of pulmonary edema and bradycardia

39
Q

CHADSVASC score of what should start anticoagulation? which anticoags should be started

A

2

- Warfarin or non-vitamin-K antagonist oral anticoagulants

40
Q

Cilostazol is what and what is it used for

A

phophodiesterase inhibitor

- symptomatic management of intermittent claudication

41
Q

diagnose headache, dyspnea, and blurred vision

A

hypertensive emergency

42
Q

hypertensive urgency

A

hypertension without symptoms of end-organ damage

43
Q

PE findings for malignant hyperension

A

papilledema and retinal hemorrhages

44
Q

hypertensive encephalopathy

A

cerebral edema due to break through vasodilation

45
Q

hypertensive emergency

A

hypertension with malignant hypertension or hypertensive encephalopathy

46
Q

Kussmaul’s sign

A

lack of typical inspiratory decline in central venous pressure

47
Q

Pericardial knock

A

early heart sound after S2

48
Q

in developing and endemic areas what is the common cause of constrictive pericarditis

A

tuberculosis

49
Q

Psittacosis disease, transmission? and organ is impacted

A

bird to human

lung

50
Q

pericardial calcifications seen in X-ray indicates

A

constrictive pericarditis

Uworld Step 2 (30 decks)

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