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Uworld Step 2 > Block 59, 60: Cardio > Flashcards

Block 59, 60: Cardio Flashcards

1
Q

what drugs should be withheld for at least 48 hours prior to cardiac testing? when should you not withhold 48 hours prior?

A

beta blockers
calcium channel blockers
nitrates

CAD is present

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2
Q

how do you screen for abdominal aortic aneurysm

A
  • male active or former smokes ages 65-75 with one-time US
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3
Q

what has a high sensitivity for diagnosis for CHF

A

brain natriuretic peptide

BNP

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4
Q

What improves cardiovascular and overall long-term mortality in patients with ST-elevation MI

A

restoration of coronary blood with primary percutaneous intervention or fibrinolysis

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5
Q

Patients with persistent tachyarrythmia ( narrow - or wide-complex) causing hemodynamic instability should be managed how

A

immediate synchronized cardioversion

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6
Q

what is a regular-narrow-complex tachycardia called

A

supraventricular tachycardia

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7
Q

what is cor pulmonale

A

impaired function of the right ventricle due to pulmonary hypertension, usually due to chronic lung disease

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8
Q

long-term tobacco use, chronic cough, barrel-shaped chest, elevated jugular venous pressure, and enlarged liver

A

COPD with cor pulmonale

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9
Q

S4 sound indicates

A

left ventricular hypertrophy from prolonged hypertension

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10
Q

what nonpharmacologic interventions has greatest impact on high blood pressure

A

DASH diet

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11
Q

when do you use an Holter monitor

A

oupatient, identify intermittent arrhythmias in patients with symptoms

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12
Q

how are patients with persistent symptomatic PACS be managed

A

low-dose beta blocker

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13
Q

what is the most common primary cardiac tumor? where is it mostly located

A

Myxomas

left atrium

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14
Q

3 types of clinical features of cardiac myxoma

A
  • constitutional
  • cardiovascular
  • embolization
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15
Q

what electrolyte abnormalities in CHF patients parallels the severity of heart failure

A

Hyponatremia

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16
Q

what heart arrhythmias is specific for digtialis toxcity

A

atrial tachycardia with AV block

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17
Q

clinical features of cyanide toxicity

A
  • altered mental status
  • lactic acidosis
  • seizures
  • coma
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18
Q

when does seizure occur in alcohol withdrawl

A

12-48 hours

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19
Q

what can norepinephrine do to the fingers/toes

A

ischemia of distal fingers and toes secondary to vasospasm

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20
Q

young patient from a developing country, has progressive dyspnea, nocturnal cough, and hemoptysis has

A

rheumatic

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21
Q

abdominal pain and nausea/vomiting are atypical presentations of what

A

acute coronary syndrome

22
Q

who are more likely to have atypical symptoms of acute coronary artery disease

A

women
elderly
diabetics

23
Q

what is the mainstay therapy in patients with alcoholic cardiomyopathy

A

complete cessation of alcohol

24
Q

main reason for orthostatic hypotension in elderly

A

decreasing baroreceptors sensitivity and defects in myocardial response to this reflex

25
patient with muscle weakness, recurrent nephrolithiasis, neuropsychtiatric symptoms, hypercalcemia
primary hyperparathyroidism
26
significant hypertension with primary hyperparathyroidism suggests a possbile
multiple endocrine neoplasma MEN 2 | with pheochromocytoma
27
what are some studies you can do for venous thrombosis
D-dimer levels | venous doppler study
28
management of acute limb ischemia after MI with possible arerial embolus from LV thrombus
1. anticoagulation 2. vascular surgery consultation 4. TEE
29
Cutaneous flushing and intensive generalized pruritus are well known side effects of what? why? antidote?
niacin: prostaglandin-induced peripheral vasodilation | - low dose aspirin
30
why do you do adrenal veins sampling
differentiates between adrenal hyperplasia and adenoma , both are causes of primary hyperaldosteronism
31
common cause of secondary hypertension in females
fibromuscular dysplasia
32
common causes of cardiac chest pain
GERD and esophageal motility
33
3 clinical features of esophageal origin of chest pain
1. prolonged pain lasting more than an hour 2. postprandial symptoms 3. heartburn or dysphagia
34
pleuritic chest pain, dyspnea, tachypnea, and tachycardia in long-distance truck driver
PE
35
statin medications are recommended for primary prevention in patients with
age 40-75 | 10 year risk of atheroscolertic cardiovasuclar disease equal or greater than 7.5%
36
define exertional heat stroke
body temp greater than 104 | CNS dysfunction
37
what is a complication that can occur 4 days following an MI
Peri-infarction pericarditis
38
what causes Wolff-Parkinson White
accessory pathway that bypasses the AV node and directly connects atria to ventricles
39
EKG finding for wolff-parkinson-white
- short PR interval - delta wave ( slurred initial upstroke of QRS complex) - QRS widening - ST/T wave changes
40
most effective intervention in overweight patients with hypertension
Loose weight
41
how does nitroglycerin provide pain relief
decrease left ventricular wall stress
42
localized pain of the anterior chest that worsens with movement, deep inspiration or coughing. tenderness to palpitation. diagnosis
costochondritis
43
treatment for costochondritis
reassurance and symptomatic pain management
44
next step in management with suspected acute arterial occlusion of left lower extremity
arterial doppler study
45
presents weeks after an MI with chest pain that is improved by leaning forward
Dressler's syndrome
46
treatment for Dressler's sydnrome
NSAID | avoid anticoagulation
47
PE findings for aortic regurgitaiton
- hyperdynamic pulse | - "water hammer" peripheral pulses
48
EKG reading for uremic pericarditis
no ST elevation
49
patient with infected sacral decubitus ulcer, hypotension, tachycardia, tachypnea, and mental status changes has
septic shock
50
a patient with a drug-eluting stent put in 10 days ago and had another MI? what is the cause
not compliant with drug

Uworld Step 2 (30 decks)

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