Pediatric Conditions Flashcards
newborn health, pre-term birth, OTC products, bacterial meningitis, RSV, croup, nocturnal enuresis, toxins and toxicities, vaccines
what age is a neonate
0-28 days
what age is a newborn
1-12 months
what age is a toddler
1-2 yo
what age is a child
2-12 yo
what age is an adolescent
13-18 yo
At what temperature and age should a pediatric patient be sent for urgent/emergent care?
<3mo 100.4 F +
3-6mo 101 F +
>6mo 103 F +
What sx should indicate emergent care rather than OTC treatment
seizure
sx that only worsen
unable to move extremity
inability to sleep or drink
severe rash
rash with fever
persistent or unusual pain that lasts hours
hematuria or hematochezia
what is an Apgar score used for? what is a normal score?
used to assess newborns condition
based on HR, resp effort, color, muscle tone, reflex irritability
score is 0-10 and normal score is 7-10
what is considered a pre term baby? What are major concerns is premature?
born <37 weeks gestation
hypotension
patent ductus arteriosus (PDA)
persistent pulmonary HTN in neonate (PPHN)
low Apgar score 2/2 heart and lung immaturity
CPAP may be needed
PDA treatment and time frame
IV indomethacin or ibuprofen within 14 days of birth
PPHN treatment
what may PPHN be linked to?
supportive care
nitric oxide inhalation
prostaglandin analogs
PDE5-i
_________________________
may be linked to SSRI use in utero
RDS (respiratory distress syndrome)
common if ______?
what causes this?
tx options?
common if born <35 weeks gestation
deficiency in surfactant production
tx = surfactants
poractant alfa (Curosurf)
calfactant (Infasurf)
ASA and salicylates are CI in _______ yo due to __________________–
<16 yo 2/2 risk of Reye syndrome when recovering from viral infections
APAP and ibuprofen are not for use in what pediatric age group
<6 months
APAP dosing peds
MDD
how supplied
for >6 months old
10-15mg/kg/dose PO Q4-6 hours
MDD 75mg/kg/day
usually supplied in 160mg/5mL
ibuprofen dosing peds
MDD
how supplied
for >6 months old
5-10mg/kg/dose PO Q6-8h
MDD 40mg/kg/day
usually supplied as 50mg/1.5mL drops or
100mg/5mL soln
simethicone dosing in peds
10mg PO 1-4x/day prn
saline nasal soln dosing in peds
2-6 gtts/nostril prn
PEG dosing in peds and MDD
what age can PEG be used in
> 6 months!!!
0.4g/kg
MDD 17g
what are the treatment options for meningitis in <1 month old? What are we covering?
covering LISTERIA, n men, h infl, s pneumo
ampicillin + cefuroxime or AG
what are the treatment options for meningitis in 1 month to 50 yo? What are we covering?
covering s. pneumo, h infl, n men
need DOUBLE STREP COVERAGE
vanco + CTX or cefuroxime
CTX is CI in what age group and why
CI in neonates (<28d) bc it displaces bilirubin from albumin and causes bilirubin-induced bran damage (kernicterus)
RSV treatment in peds
supportive +/- ribavirin or palivizumab
when should ribavirin (Virazole) be used for RSV in peds
RSV
+
prematurity, cardiopulmonary disease or immunosuppressed
when should Palivizumab be used for RSV in peds
in first year of life IF
- born <29 weeks gestation
- born <32 weeks gestation w chronic lung disease
- <12 months with heart ocnditions
croup treatment
hydration and supportive
+
dexamethasone
+/-
racemic EN
dexamethasone dosing for croup in peds
0.6mg/kg po/IM/IV x1
max is 16mg/dose
when should racemic EN be used for croup? What is the dosing?
in mod to severe croup
2.25% solution at 0.05-1mL/kg diluted in 2mL of NS q20 min
nocturnal enuresis tx
desmopressin 0.2mg PO HS
what is a concerning SE of desmopressin
hyponatremia
codeine and tramadol are CI in
< 12 yo
promethazine is CI in
< 2yo
OTC teething meds with benzocaine and OTC cold and cough meds are CI in
< 2 yo
CTX is CI in
0-28 days (neonates)
TTCs are not recommended in
<8 yo
ASA and salicylates are not recommended in
<16 yo
FQs are the recommended ABX treatment for adolescents T or F
false, no recommended in peds
what are vaccine preventable diseases in peds
MMR
TDaP
IPV
RV
chickenpox (varicella vaccine)
