Passage Planning Flashcards
Objective of Passage Planning
To develop a comprehensive navigation plan for the safe conduct of the ship from berth to berth.
What’s in a Passage Plan?
(6)
- Hazards and associated risks
- Sufficient sea room and depth is available
- Position fixing opportunities
- Reporting requirements
- Anticipated traffic + weather conditions
- Environmental protection measures.
Practical Answers to what is passage planning.
Genoa > Gibraltar > Antigua
ANSWER the question being asked.
Adapt knowledge of APEM to the question.
Break the passage plan up into
-Pilotage
-Coastal
-Ocean
Always consider weather and (up to date) publications to be used.
Stage 1: Appraisal
- Gather all information relevant to passage and review.
- Identify + assess risks to make sure that the passage plan is safe.
- Navigation
- General /Operational
- Environmental
- Contingency
*plus any other additional information
N . O . G .E . C .
APPRAISAL -
Navigation
-Advice in the sailing directions.
-Anchoring and Contingency options
-Reliability of source data of charts.
-Navigational aids
-Traffic density
-Pilotage requirements
-UKC
-Reliability of propulsion + steering systems
-Routeing and reporting measures.
-Weather routing
APPRAISAL -
Operational/General
-Berth requirements
-Mooring/tug operations
-Port entry requirements
-Security measures
APPRAISAL -
Environmental
- ECAs
-MARPOL Special Areas
-Garbage disposal
-Port facilities
APPRAISAL -
Contingency
-Emergency response plans
-Notifications and reporting
-Passage Plan amendments
Which books?
List 10
- Sailing Directions
- NtoMs
- Ocean Passages of the World
- Routeing charts and guides
- Port Guides
- List of Lights
- List of radio signals
- Tide Tables and Tidal Stream Atlas
- Load Line Charts
- Maritime Security Charts
DEVELOPING + APPROVING
Stage 2: Planning
Developing and Approving a passage plan BASED on the outcome of the APPRAISAL.
For:
*Ocean Waters
*Coastal Waters
*Pilotage Waters
ENSURE correct vessel and safety settings have been set into ECDIS.
How do we plan on a chart?
(8)
- No Go Areas
- Safe Water
- Under Keel Clearance
- Tidal Window
- Course Alteration and Wheel Over positions
- Parallel Indexing
- Transits
- Position Fixing
Setting UKC
(5)
- Squat
- Reliability of chart data.
- Predicted tide
- Shifting seabed (silt / sand-waves).
- Manoeuvrability
Other:
* Heeling and pitching movement.
* Change in water density in passage (and its effect on draft).
* Accuracy of actual draft.
* Reliability of echo sounder
* Ability to fix our position
* Ability to use a PI
* Reduced depths over pipelines and other obstructions.
Parallel Indexing
means of continuously monitoring vessel’s track
according to the passage plan
Stage 3 : Execution
“BRIEFING + NAVIGATING”
-Briefing the bridge team on passage plan.
-Navigating the ship according to the passage plan.
Taking into account:
* Reliability of navigational equipment.
* ETA at critical points for tide.
* Passing danger points. (Day/Night)
* Traffic conditions
* Meteorological conditions
Weather Routeing
Advantages
(4)
- Increased safety:
- Better conditions for cargo or passengers;
- Fuel and time savings;
- Reduced costs overall
Stage 4 : Monitoring
“MAINTAINING, MONITORING & FIXING”
Checking ship’s progress with passage plan by:
- Maintaining position within cross track error.
- Monitoring integrity of information displayed on navigational equipment.
- Position fixing:
-Visual + radar fixing techniques using ranges and bearing of charted objects.
-Echo sounder to monitor charted depths and contours
What do you do when the passage plan is complete?
Make sure that it is:
-Saved
-Backed up
-Locked to prevent unauthorised editing
What do you ask the Captain when doing a passage plan?
When he wants to arrive, ETA?
Safety Parameters, UKC… CPA to navigational hazards
Routeing Charts?
Shows historical met information including ice limits, frequency of fog, winds, currents and passages of TRS.
Common shipping routes and their distances
Remember to use the key!!
Watertight versus Weathertight
watertight: preventing water from entering or exiting a compartment, even under pressure.
“weathertight”: preventing water from entering the ship from the outside, like rain or spray, but not necessarily under pressure.
