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BACTERIOLOGY > Part II: Introduction to Bacteriology > Flashcards

Part II: Introduction to Bacteriology Flashcards

1
Q

ALL COCCI are GRAM POSITIVE except

A

Neisseria
Veillonella
Branhamella

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2
Q

ALL BACILLI are GRAM NEGATIVE

A

MC-BELL

Mycobacterium
Clostridium
Bacillus
Erysipelothrix
Listeria
Lactobacillus

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3
Q

like Actinomyces and
Streptomyces; yeast , and molds (fungi) are

A

Gram (+)

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4
Q

ALL SPIRAL organisms are

A

Gram (-)

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5
Q

NOT GRAM-STAINED

A

Rickettsiae
Chlamydia
Mycoplasma
Ureaplasma

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6
Q

Acid Fast stain organism are difficult to stain due to the presence of

A

Mycolic Acid

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7
Q

Other Term for Mycolic Acid

A

Hydroxymethyl acid

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8
Q

Ways to facilitate Acid Fast Staining

A

● Steaming process
● Increasing concentration of phenol and basic fuchsin
● Prolonging contact of stain with the material
● Addition of wetting agent (TERGITOL) prior
to the stain solution

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9
Q

2 MOST COMMON METHODS OF ACID FAST STAINING:

A
  1. Ziehl Neelsen Method
  2. Kinyoun’s Method
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10
Q

Acid Fast Staining Process

A

C-A-M

  1. Primary dye - Carbol Fuchsin
  2. Mordant - Steam/Tergitol
  3. Decolorizer - 3% Acid Alcohol
  4. Counterstain - Methylene blue ; Malachite Green (sub)
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11
Q

Pappenheim’s

M. smegmatis =
M. tuberculosis =

A

M. smegmatis = blue
M. tuberculosis = red

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12
Q

Baumgartens

M.leprae =
M.tuberculosis =

A

M.leprae = red
M.tuberculosis = blue

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13
Q

Fite Faraco’s

M. leprae uses ___ as counterstain

A

Hematoxylin

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14
Q

Most sensitive method of AF staining

A

Fluorochrome staining

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15
Q

Fluorochrome Staining Process

A

Primary dye: Auramine Rhodinine

Mordant: None

Decolorizer: 0.5% Acid Alcohol

Counterstain: 0.5% Potassium permanganate

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16
Q

Fluorochrome Staining AFO results to

A

Yellow organism against Black Background

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17
Q

no solidifying agent; 0% agar; placed in a tube (broth)

A

Liquid Media

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18
Q

Example of Liquid Media

A

Trypticase Soy Broth
Brain Heart Infusion
Alkaline Peptone Water

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19
Q

0.5-1% agar; placed in a tube
(deep or butt)

A

Semi-solid Media

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20
Q

2-3% agar; placed in either a petri dish or tube (slant)

A

Solid Media

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21
Q

initially liquid; allowed to
solidify; becomes liquid with heat

A

Solid Liquefiable

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22
Q

Solid Liquefiable example

A

EMB
MacConkey
Mannitol Salt Agar

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23
Q

(2) will no longer liquefy once heated ; example

A

Solid Non-liquefiable
Rice medium

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24
Q

both solid and liquid

A

BIPHASIC

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25
Q

Biphasic Media for BRUCELLA

A

Castaneda’s

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26
Q

Biphasic Media for Gardnerella Vaginalis

A

Human Blood Tween (HBT)

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27
Q

SIGN OF GROWTH:
SOLID MEDIA
LIQUID MEDIA

A

SOLID MEDIA = with colonies
LIQUID MEDIA = turbidity

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28
Q

contains only the necessary nutrition to support bacterial growth ; no supplements and no vitamins

A

GENERAL PURPOSE/GENERAL ISOLATION MEDIA

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29
Q

enhance bacterial
growth ; contains
supplements and vitamins

A

ENRICHMENT MEDIA

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30
Q

ENRICHMENT MEDIA

Salmonella and Shigella

A

Selenite Broth

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31
Q

ENRICHMENT MEDIA

Salmonella and Proteus

A

Tetrathionate broth

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32
Q

use to support growth of
fastidious organisms ; contains BLOOD

A

ENRICHED MEDIA

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33
Q

ENRICHED MEDIA

Sheep Blood Agar

A

Streptococci

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34
Q

ENRICHED MEDIA

Horse Blood Agar

A

Haemophilus spp.

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35
Q

ENRICHED MEDIA

Human Blood Agar

A

G.vaginalis

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36
Q

ENRICHED MEDIA

Chocolate Blood Agar

A

Neisseria spp.

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37
Q

the growth of the desired (wanted) organism while inhibiting (preventing) the growth of others; contains

A

SELECTIVE MEDIA

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38
Q

SELECTIVE MEDIA

Cystine tellurite BA ; Inhibitor

A

C. diphtheriae ; Potassium tellurite

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39
Q

SELECTIVE MEDIA

Lowenstein Jensen Media ; Inhibitor

A

M.tuberculosis ; (Malachite green)

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40
Q

SELECTIVE MEDIA

Thayer Martin Media ; Inhibitor

A

Neisseria spp. ; Antibiotics

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41
Q

SELECTIVE MEDIA

MacConkey Agar ; Inhibitor

A

Gram (-) Bacilli ; Crystal Violet

42
Q

used to differentiate
organisms growing together

A

DIFFERENTIAL MEDIA

43
Q

DIFFERENTIAL MEDIA

EMB differentiates

A

GRAM (-) BACILLI
as to LF/NLF

44
Q

DIFFERENTIAL MEDIA

TCBS differentiates

A

differentiate Vibrio as to
Sucrose or Non-sucrose fermenters

45
Q

Lactose Fermenters (LF)

A

Pink-purple colonies

46
Q

Non-Lactose Fermenters (NLF)

A

Colorless colonies

47
Q

SELECTIVE AND DIFFERENTIAL MEDIA

A

EMB
TCBS
MacConkey

48
Q

maintain viability of
organisms during specimen transport

A

TRANSPORT MEDIA

49
Q

TRANSPORT MEDIA

Neisseria

50
Q

TRANSPORT MEDIA

Vibrio

A

Cary Blair

51
Q

TRANSPORT MEDIA

Virus

52
Q

MEDIA FOR ANTIBIOTIC SUSCEPTIBILITY
TESTING

A

Mueller Hinton Agar

53
Q

Cell wall:

Disaccharides are known as

A

N-acetyl glucosamine
N-acetyl muramic acid

54
Q

Cell wall:

Gram (+) are composed of

A

thicker peptidoglycan layer
Techoic acid

55
Q

Cell wall:

Gram (-) are composed of

A
  • thinner peptidoglycan layer
  • NO techoic acid
  • Lipopolysaccharide
  • Periplasmic space
56
Q

Cell membrane with sterols except:

A

Mycoplasma

57
Q

Capsule:

Organism with hyaluronic acid capsule usually found in animals

A

Pasteurella multocida

58
Q

Capsule:

Organism with POLYRIBOSIL RIBITOL PHOSPHATE

A

Haemophilus influenzae

59
Q

Usually causes meningitis to children 5 yrs old below

A

Haemophilus influenzae

60
Q

Serotypes of H. influenzae

A

A,B,C,D,E,F

61
Q

Most common serotypes of H.influenzae that causes pathogen

62
Q

Stain for capsule:

A

Hiss
Anthony’s
Tyler
India ink

HATI

63
Q

the flagellar antigen

64
Q

Halophilic

7.5% =

65
Q

S.aureus:

Toxin Mediated

A

Food poisoning
Toxic shock syndrome
Scalded skin syndrome

66
Q

S.aureus:

Non-toxin mediated

A

Boils, carbuncles, furuncles, cellulitis

Wound infection

Bullous impetigo

Sty

67
Q

Definitive test:

S.aureus

A

Coagulase test

68
Q

Halophilic:

6.5% =

A

Enterococci

69
Q

Enterococci:

clinical significance

A

nosocomial UTI

70
Q

Enterococci:

Screening test

A

Bile esculin test

71
Q

Bile esculin test result

A

blackening (+)

72
Q

Bile esculin test:

Indicator

A

ferric ammonium citrate

73
Q

8-10% required by most Vibrios except:

A

Vibrio cholerae
Vibrio mimicus

74
Q

CAPNOPHILIC:

Genus

A
  • Neisseria
  • Streptococci
  • Helicobacter
  • Haemophilus
  • HACEK

NO SHHH

75
Q

AEROBES requires

A

21% oxygen

76
Q

Incubation of bacteria and viruses

A

35-37 degC

77
Q

Incubation of fungi:

A

25-30 degC (Room Temperature)

78
Q

OBLIGATE ANAEROBE

Genus

A

Prevotella, Porphyromonas,
Fusobacterium

79
Q

OBLIGATE ANAEROBE uses

A

GASPAK JAR

80
Q

GASPAK JAR

Indicators:

A
  • Rezasurin (pink with air)
  • Methylene Blue
    (blue with air)
81
Q

GASPAK JAR

Palladium catalyst is for

A

removes oxygen

82
Q

GASPAK JAR

Color in the absence of oxygen

83
Q

GASPAK JAR

Common failure

A

inactivation of catalyst

84
Q

MICROAEROPHILIC requires

Oxygen =
CO2 =
N2 =

A

Oxygen = 5-10%
CO2 = 10%
N2 = 85%

85
Q

MICROAEROPHILIC

Genus

A

Campylobacter
Treponema
Helicobacter
Borrelia

86
Q

Requires incubation at 4deg C for several weeks

A

COLD ENRICHMENT

87
Q

Can tolerate cold enrichment:

A

Yersinia enterocolitica
Listeria monocytogenes

88
Q

Refrigerated Blood Bag Contaminants

A

Y. enterocolitca
P. fluorescens
S. liquefaciens

90
Q

Blood bag contaminants at RT

A

S. epidermidis
B. cereus
Cutibacterium acnes

90
Q

Selective and differential media for Vibrio

91
Q

TCBS:

Fermentable CHO

92
Q

TCBS:

Indicators

A

Bromthymol Blue & Thymol Blue

93
Q

TCBS

Sucrose fermenter

A

Yellow Colonies

94
Q

TCBS

Non-sucrose fermenter

A

Green Colonies

94
Q

enrichment media for genus VIBRIO

A

Alkaline peptone water

95
Q

CRITICAL/PANIC VALUES IN MICROBIOLOGY

for malaria

A

Positive blood smear

96
Q

CRITICAL/PANIC VALUES IN MICROBIOLOGY

from a sterile site

A

Streptococcus pyogenes

97
Q

CRITICAL/PANIC VALUES IN MICROBIOLOGY

Positive acid-fast smears

A

Mycobacterium culture

98
Q

CRITICAL/PANIC VALUES IN MICROBIOLOGY

from genital site of a pregnant woman at term

A

Streptococcus agalactiae or herpes simplex virus

BACTERIOLOGY (25 decks)

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