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BACTERIOLOGY > Part I: Introduction to Bacteriology > Flashcards

Part I: Introduction to Bacteriology Flashcards

1
Q

area of science that deals with
the study of microorganisms

A

Microbiology

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2
Q

classified as bacteria (i.e. E.
coli), viruses (i.e. SARS-CoV-2), fungi (i.e.
Candida albicans)

A

Microorganisms

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3
Q

study of bacteria

A

Bacteriology

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4
Q

study of viruses

A

Virology

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5
Q

study of fungi

A

Mycology

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6
Q

General Characteristics of Bacteria

A
  • Prokaryotic
  • Has DNA and RNA
  • Reproduction: Binary Fission
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7
Q

Size of Bacteria ranges from

A

0.4-2.0 micra

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8
Q

Smallest Genus

A

Genus Mycoplasma

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9
Q

Largest Genus

A

Genus Bacillus

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10
Q

toxin usually produced by gram (+) bacteria

A

Exotoxin

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11
Q

exotoxin is secreted by gram (+) bacteria except

A

Listeria spp.

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12
Q

Coagulase toxin is secreted by

A

Staphylococcus aureus

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13
Q

Toxin usually secreted by gram (-) bacteria

A

Endotoxin

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14
Q

Organism that causes bloody diarrhea

A

Shigella dysenteriae

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15
Q

organ for locomotion;

A

FLAGELLA

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16
Q

absence of flagella

A

Atrichous

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17
Q

single flagellum at one end

A

Monotrichous

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18
Q

single flagellum at both ends

A

Amphitrichous

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19
Q

tuft/bundle of flagella at
one/both ends

A

Lophotrichous

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20
Q

surrounded w/ flagella

A

Peritrichous

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21
Q

BASED ON THE PRESENCE OF FLAGELLA:

Cocci

A

Non-motile

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22
Q

BASED ON THE PRESENCE OF FLAGELLA:

Bacilli ; Spirilla

A

Motile

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23
Q

WAYS TO DEMONSTRATE MOTILITY:

Use of flagellar Stains

A

Gray’s and Leifson
Fischer and Conn

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24
Q

WAYS TO DEMONSTRATE MOTILITY:

Semi-solid Media

A

SIM

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25
Q

WAYS TO DEMONSTRATE MOTILITY:

For Listeria monocytogenes

A

Hanging drop

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26
Q

Tumbling motility (end over end)

A

Listeria monocytogenes

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27
Q

Darting motility

A

Campylobacter spp.

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28
Q

Gliding/ sliding motility

A

Capnocytophaga gingivalis

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29
Q

Twitching motility

A

Kingella kingae

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30
Q

Shooting star motility

A

Vibrio cholerae

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31
Q

Cork screw motility

A

Spiral organisms

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32
Q

not common to all bacteria;
usually found among gram (-)
organisms; it can be a virulence factor

A

Pili/Fimbrae
Capsule

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33
Q

2 common type of Pili

A

Common Pili
Sex pili

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34
Q

pili that has adherence/attachment to
host cells

A

Common pili

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35
Q

Pili for gene conjugation

A

Sex pili

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36
Q

mostlygram (-) organisms; “slimy” area that covers the cell
wall - produces “MUCOID” colonies

A

Capsule

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37
Q

FUNCTIONS OF CAPSULE:

A

Anti-phagocytic
Virulence factor

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38
Q

Organism with POLYSACCHARIDE capsule

A

N. meningitidis
H. influenzae
S. pneumoniae

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39
Q

with D-GLUTAMATE CAPSULE

A

Bacillus anthracis

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40
Q

capsular swelling test

A

Neufeld Quellung’s Test

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41
Q

a.k.a. MUREIN LAYER of
PEPTIDOGLYCAN

A

CELL WALL

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42
Q

FUNCTIONS OF CELL WALL:

A

● Gives shape to the organism
● Site of antibiotic action
● Basis of gram staining

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43
Q

THICKER peptidoglycan layer

A

Gram (+) organisms

44
Q

THINNER peptidoglycan layer

A

Gram (-) organisms

45
Q

Cell wall less

A

Mycoplasma
Ureaplasma

46
Q

represents stored food

A

INCLUSIONS/INCLUSION BODY/
METACHROMATIC GRANULES

47
Q

Much Granules

A

Mycobacterium

48
Q

Babes Ernst Granules

A

Corynebacterium
diphtheriae

49
Q

Stain for Metachromatic Granules

A

Albert’s stain
Neisser’s stain
Ljubinsky
Dorner’s
Wirtz Cronklin

50
Q

contains the genetic material

A

NUCLEOID

51
Q

small DNA molecule that carries a resistant gene confers resistance to some antibiotics;

A

Plasmid

52
Q

resistant structures that
enables the bacteria to withstand injurious
conditions

A

ENDOSPORES/SPORES

53
Q

with SAFETY PIN APPEARANCE inclusion bodies

A

Yersinia pestis

54
Q

Component of Spores

A

Calcium dipicolinate acid / Dipicolinic acid

55
Q

Spore Formers:

Aerobes :
Anaerobes :

A

Aerobes : Bacillus
Anaerobes : Clostridium

56
Q

To demonstrate spores:

A

Schaeffer and Fulton

57
Q

CENTRAL SPORES

A

Bacillus anthracis

58
Q

TERMINAL SWOLLEN
SPORES

A

Clostridium tetani

59
Q

SUBTERMINAL SPORES

A

Clostridium botulinum

60
Q

uses light as energy source

A

Phototropic

61
Q

uses chemical compounds as energy source

A

Chemotrophic

62
Q

uses INORGANIC compounds as carbon source

A

Autotrophic/Lithotroph

63
Q

uses ORGANIC compounds (i.e. glucose) as carbon source

A

Heterotrophic/Organotroph

64
Q

Obligate/strict aerobe

A
  • require oxygen
    for growth
65
Q

Obligate/strict aerobe Organisms

A

Mycobacterium, Pseudomonas,
Bacillus

My Bacla Poseidon

66
Q

cannot grow in the
presence of oxygen

A

Obligate anaerobe

67
Q

Obligate anaerobes organisms

A

Bacteroides and Clostridium

68
Q

equipment used to ensure
anaerobiosis

A

GASPAKJAR

69
Q

can live with presence or absence of oxygen

A

Facultative anaerobe

70
Q

Facultative anaerobes organism

A

E-3S

E.coli
Salmonella
Streptococcus
Staphylococcus

71
Q

can grow in the presence of
oxygen, but grow best in an anaerobic environment

A

Aerotolerant

72
Q

Aerotolerant organism

A

Lactobacillus

73
Q

bacteria grow in a
reduced level of oxygen; can die if there’s
too much oxygen

A

Microaerophilic

74
Q

Microaerophilic organism

A

Helicobacter and Campylobacter

75
Q

pH requirements:

Neutrophile:
Acidophile:
Alkalophile/Basophile:

A

Neutrophile: 7.0-7.5
Acidophile: 3.0
Alkalophile/Basophile: 10.5

76
Q

organism with acidic pH

A

Lactobacillus

77
Q

Organism with alkaline pH

A

Vibrio cholerae

78
Q

Temperature requirements

Pyschrophilic:
Mesophilic:
Thermophilic:
Thermoduric:

A

Pyschrophilic: 0-20
Mesophilic: 20-45
Thermophilic: 50-125
Thermoduric: cannot stand long exposure to high-temp

79
Q

require concentrations of 5%
to 10% (increased) for optimal growth

A

Capnophilic

80
Q

Capnophilic organisms

A

Streptococcus
Neisseria

81
Q

used to supply the
bacteria with ↑CO2

A

CANDLE JAR

82
Q

requires high salt concentration

A

Halophilic

83
Q

Halophilic Organism

A

Vibrio

84
Q

STAGES OF BACTERIAL GROWTH:

  • no cell division yet; growth
    rate is 0%; ↑size
  • Detoxifying medium
A

Lag/Adjustment/Adaptation

85
Q

STAGES OF BACTERIAL GROWTH:

  • rapid exponential growth
  • cell division starts
  • susceptible to antibiotics
A

LOG/EXPONENTIAL PHASE

86
Q

STAGES OF BACTERIAL GROWTH:

  • nutrients are used up
  • toxins are accumulated
  • sporulation
A

STATIONARY PHASE/PLATEAU

87
Q

STAGES OF BACTERIAL GROWTH:

  • Characterized by complete cessation of bacterial growth
  • Death of cells
A

DEATH PHASE/STAGE OF DECLINE

88
Q

movement of NON-MOTILE organisms caused by
movement of molecules surrounding them. This is NOT TRUE motility.

A

Brownian movement

89
Q

Automated culture prep

A

Vitek
Maldi Tof

90
Q

Semi-automated culture prep

A

Analytical Profile Index

91
Q

to kill bacteria; avoid getting an
infection

A

HEAT FIXATION

92
Q

process of artificially coloring the organism with dyes/stains

A

Staining

93
Q

uses only ONE dye; color
of the dye is the RESULTING COLOR;

A

Simple Staining

94
Q

the BACKGROUND and NOT the organism is STAINED; BACTERIA will appear COLORLESS

A

Indirect/Relief/Negative Staining

95
Q

used to demonstrate
special features of the cell

A

Special Staining

96
Q

Capsular stains

A

Hiss, Anthony’s

97
Q

Spore stains

A
  • Dorner’s
  • Schaeffer and Fulton
  • Wirtz cronklin
98
Q

Metachromatic granules stains

A
  • Albert’s
  • Neisser
  • Ljubinsky
  • Ponder
  • Methylene Blue
99
Q

DIFFERENTIAL STAINING

A

Gram Staining
Acid Fast Staining

100
Q

Gram Staining

A

Primary Dye: Crystal violet
Mordant: Gram’s Iodine
Decolorizer: Acetone or Alcohol or mixture of both
Counterstain: Safranin

VIAS

101
Q

Staining:

Best to use for exhbiting SAFET PIN APPEARANCE of Y.pestis

A

Wayson

102
Q

Other stain for Y. pestis

A

Methylene blue

103
Q

Culture Media used for Babes-Ernst Granules of C. diphtheriae

A

Loeffler’s Serum
PAI’s slant

104
Q

Stain used for Babes-Ernst Granules of C. diphtheriae

A

Loeffler’s methylene blue
Albert’s
Neisser

105
Q

Glycogen containing inclusion bodies found in CHLAMYDIA TRACHOMATIS

A

Halberstaedter Prowazek

106
Q

Stain used for Halberstadter Prowazek

A

Castaneda’s
Gimenez
Machiavello

BACTERIOLOGY (25 decks)

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