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Therapeutics > park lecture 5 > Flashcards

park lecture 5 Flashcards

1
Q

hormones produced by hypothalamus \

A

GHRH, SST, TRH, CRH, GNRH

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2
Q

Only hormone produced in hypothalamus that does not end in RH

A

SST

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3
Q

What are the 2 hypothalamic hormones that control the release of growth hormone

A

GHRH(stimulates)
SST (suppress)

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4
Q

What are some anterior pituitary hormones

A

gH, prolactin, TSH, FSH, LH, ACTH

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5
Q

Only anterior pituitary hormone not ending with H

A

prolactin

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6
Q

Know the hypothalamic precursor and the pituitary hormones

A

TRH-TSH
GNRH,SST- GH
GnRH- LH, FSH
CRH- ACTH

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7
Q

Group the pituitary hormones based on their structural similarity

A

Prolactin and GRH- Single chain proteins that activate JAK/STAT pathway

TSH, LH, FSH- Share common a-chain and activate GPCRs

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8
Q

Describe the functions of GH and IGF-1

A

GH stimulates the production of IGF-1, which has anabolic effects on muscle, catabolic lipid effects, and a reduction in insulin activity

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9
Q

Why does GH lower insulin activity in the body

A

Becuase IGF-1 has insulin activity

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10
Q

Difference between somatotropin and somatostatin

A

Somatostatin decreases GH secretion (statin), Somatotropin is the recombinant form of GH

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11
Q

What is somatotropin (rhGH)

A

The recombinant form of GH

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12
Q

recombinant form of IGF-1

A

Mecasermin

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13
Q

Mecasermin use

A

Used in case of non-responsiveness to GH, so it skips the GH and directly gives IGF-1

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14
Q

What is needed to maintain adequate half life of mecasermin

A

rhiGFBP-3 (recombinant human IGF binding protein 3

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15
Q

what does FSH do in women

A

Stimulates conversion of testosterone to estrogen (universally across genders)
directs ovarian follicle development

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16
Q

What does FSH do in men

A

Converts testosterone to estrogen
regulates spermatogenesis

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17
Q

what does LH do in women

A

stimulates androgen production in follicular phase
controls estrogen and progesterone production in luteal phase

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18
Q

What does LH do in men

A

Stimulates androgen production in men

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19
Q

What two gonadotropins are nearly identical and bind each others receptors

A

LH and HCG

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20
Q

with regard to alpha and beta chains, what is the relation between LH, FSH and HCG

A

All share the same alpha, but HCG and LH share the same B chain

21
Q

Different gonadotropins used clinically names

A

menotropin
Urofollitropin
Follitropin a & B
Lutropin a
HCG
choriogonadotropin a

22
Q

Explain what menotropin is

A

It is an HMG (human menopausal gonadotropin) that is a mixture of LH and FSH extracted from the urine of postmenopausal women.

23
Q

Explain what urofollitropin is

A

Urofollitropin is the purified FSH from the urine of post menopausal women
LH is removed

24
Q

What is the recombinant form of FSH

A

Follitropin a &b

25
Q

What is the recombinant form of LH

A

Lutropin a

26
Q

recombinant form of HCG

A

choriogonadotropin a

27
Q

what is clomiphen

A

Clomiphen is a SERM that blocks negative feedback in pituitary and increases LH/FSH levels, promoting ovulation

28
Q

Side effect of clomiphen

A

multiple births

29
Q

_____stimulates the production and release of LH and FSH

A

GnRH

30
Q

What do we mean by pulsatile GnRH release

A

GnRH will only stimulate the release of FSH and LH if it is released in a pulsatile fashion.

31
Q

What will happen if the release of GnRH is not oulsatile

A

GnRH will inhibit release of FSH and LH in both men and women

32
Q

Why does non-pulsatile release lead to inhibition of LH and FSH release

A

Receptors get desensitized

33
Q

What is vasopressin

A

An anti diuretic hormone and vasopressin (constricts blood vessels)

34
Q

where is vasopressin released from

A

Posterior pituitary

35
Q

Vasopressin is released in response to

A

rising plasma tonicity (salty blood)
Falling blood volume

36
Q

Physiological function of vasopressin

A

increase reabsorption of water from tubular filtrate

37
Q

How does vasopressin increase reabsorption from tubular filtrate

A

Increases water permeability in cells in renal collecting tube. leads to increase in BV and decrease in urine

38
Q

why is its name vasopressin

A

constricts blood vessels

39
Q

Why does vasopressin contracting blood vessel help?

A

decrease in blood volume will lead to a drop in blood pressure. constricting BV will bring it up again

40
Q

what is the difference between the two vasopressin receptors

A

V1- is in blood vessel. It is a GPCR that increases Ca2+, leading to vasoconstriction
V2- is in the kidneys, once activated, the number of aquaporins is increased, they get water from urine to blood.

41
Q

Desmopressin receptor selectivity with regard to V1 and V2

A

Desmopressin has 4000 times V2 antidiuretic activity compared to V1.

42
Q

adverse effects of vasopressins

A

water intoxication (hyponatremia)
Vasopressin (not desmopressin) should be used with EXTREME caution with people with CV diseases

43
Q

Oxytocinn use

A

Uterine contraction during labor and delivery.

44
Q

How does oxytocin stimulate contraction

A

Releases prostaglandins and leukotrienes that augment uterine contraction

45
Q

Oxytocin role in lactation

A

Contracts myoepithelial cells in breast and ejects milk (ca2+ release)

46
Q

at high concentration, oxytocin has a weak antidiuretic effect. why?

A

Similar structure with Vasopressor

47
Q

Clinical uses of oxytocin

A

-Induction and stimulation of labor.
-Control of uterine hemorrhage after delivery

48
Q

adverse effects of oxytocin

A

-excessive stimulation of uterine contraction before delivery (leads to uterine distress, uterine rupture)
-cross reactivity causes activation of vasopressin (fluid retention, hyponatremia)

Therapeutics (46 decks)

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