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Therapeutics > Lecture 7 exam 5 > Flashcards

Lecture 7 exam 5 Flashcards

1
Q

how many extra calories for prenatal de=iet

A

extra 300-400 calories

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2
Q

Caffeine max when pregnant

A

less than 200 mg/day

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3
Q

3 benefits of prenatal supplements

A

Helps with fetal development
Helps prevent fetal complication
Helps prevent maternal complication

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4
Q

What are the 3 supplement recommendations

A

Calcium
folate
Iron

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5
Q

What is the use of folate as a prenatal supplement? appropriate dose per day? when to start?

A

Reduces risk of neural tubal defects
400-600 mcg/ day (4 mg for higher risk)
Start atleast 1 month before conception

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6
Q

What is the use of calcium as a prenatal supplement? appropriate dose per day? when to start?

A

can decrease risk of bone loss, HTN and preeclampsia
1000-1300 mg/day dosing

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7
Q

What is the use of iron as a prenatal supplement? appropriate dose per day? when to start?

A

Helps with blood oxygenation
27-30 mg/day

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8
Q

Name some vaccines that would be recommended in pregnancy

A

Flu shot
Tdap shot between 27-36 weeks of pregnancy

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9
Q

vaccines to avoid in pregnancy

A

Any live vaccines (HPV, MMR, Varicella, Yellow fever)

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10
Q

what is a teratogen?

A

A drug or environmental agent with potential to cause abnormal fetal growth and development

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11
Q

Which drugs are teratogens and are contraindicated in pregnancy

A

Warfarin
lisinopril
Lithium
Alcohol
methotrexate
Statins
Isotretinoin

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12
Q

what are some risks associated with diabetes in pregnant women

A

Fetal abnormalities
preeclampsia
Pre term birth

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13
Q

What is the preferred treatment of pregnant women with diabetes

A

Insulin(other oral options are not recommended)

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14
Q

What is the risk of HTN in pregnant women

A

Preeclampsia
Eclampsia

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15
Q

Preferred treatment for pregnant women with HTN

A

Labetalol
amlodipine
nifedipine
HCTZ
hydralazine
methyldopa

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16
Q

What are some non-pharmacologic treatments for nausea and vomiting

A

Avoid triggers
eat small dry meals
avoid spicy food
saline crackers

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17
Q

!st line of treatment for nausea and vomiting in pregnant women

A

1.Non pharmacologic
2.pharmacologic

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18
Q

What are the pharmacologic treatments of nausea and vomiting in pregnant women in order of preference

A

1st- pyridoxine
2nd- doxylamine and pyridoxine
3rd- meclizine

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19
Q

When is nausea more common during pregnancy? heart burn?

A

Nausea around the start
heart burn latter half

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20
Q

Non-pharmacologic treatments for heart burn

A

Smaller and more frequent meals
avoid foods and liquids before bed

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21
Q

Pharmacologic treatments of heartburn

A

antacids
sucralafate

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22
Q

non pharmacologic treatments of constipation in oregnant women?
Pharmacologic?

A

Increase fluid and fiber and exercise
Laxatives (polyethylene glycol)

23
Q

Non pharmacologic treatment of pain, fever and headache

A

Cold compress, stress management, sleep

24
Q

Pharmacologic treatment of pain, fever and headache in pregnant women

A

Acetaminophen (avoid NSAIDs)

25
Q

how to teat congestion, rhinorrhea and sleeplessness in women

A

Ensure flu vaccine
Congestion- nasal saline spray
rhinorrhea & sleeplessness- diphenhydramine

26
Q

What are the risks of UTIs in pregnant women

A

Increase risk of hematogenic abnormalities, may cause preterm labor if untreated

27
Q

Non pharm options for UTI in pregnant women

A

Hydration
proper wiping before and after sex
avoid tight clothing and wear cotton underwear

28
Q

Pharmacologic UTI treatments

A

Cephalosporin
nitrofurantoin
amoxicillin

29
Q

what are some long term complications common in pregnancy

A

depressive disorders
gestational diabetes
thromboembolism
preeclampsia and eclampsia
preterm labor

30
Q

How to diagnose for depressibe disorder

A

EPDS<10 is fine
EPDS> or equal to 10 Depressed

31
Q

Treatment if depressed

A

CBT + pharmacologic therapy

32
Q

What is gestational diabetes

A

Diabetes diagnosed for the first time in pregnancy due to placental hormones

33
Q

Non pharm recommendations for gestational diabetes

A

diet and exercise

34
Q

Pharmacologic recommendations for gestational diabetes

A

Insulin
(others nor recommended)

35
Q

How much more common are thromboembolisms in pregnant women

A

5X

36
Q

Non pharm recommendations for thromboembolisms

A

Inferior vena cava filter (IVC)
compression stockings

37
Q

Pharmacologic recommendations for thromboembolisms

A

Anticoagulants for 6 months (AVOID WARFARIN)

38
Q

what is the difference between preeclampsia and eclampsia

A

Preeclampsia is the sudden spike in BP and proteinurea that could lead to premature birth, growt retardation and death.

eclampsia is seizure and coma

39
Q

How to prevents eclampsia and preeclampsia

A

Aspirin in late 1st trimester

40
Q

Which pregnant women should receive aspirin

A

HO of preeclampsia, diabetes, renal failure

41
Q

What constitutes as severe preeclampsia

A

180/120 (any of the numbers)

42
Q

What to do incase of severe preeclampsia

A

IV treatment via
Hydralazine
labetalol
nitroprusside
nifedipine

43
Q

What medication should be given to eclampsia patients (include dose)

A

magnesium sulfate 4-6 g IV bolus

44
Q

What is HELLP syndrome symptoms

A

Hemolysis, low platelet, elevated liver enzyme

45
Q

Treatment of HELLP syndrome

A

Platelets, corticosteroids

46
Q

Treatment of group B strep in pregnant women

A

Group B strep can pass from mother to child during labour.

Treatment is penicillin or ampicillin (antibiotics)

47
Q

What consitutes as preterm labour

A

Before 37 weeks

48
Q

Risk factors for preterm pregnanies

A

Less than 6 months between consecutive pregnancies
bacterial vaginosis

49
Q

Medications for prevention of preterm labour

A

Progesterone

50
Q

What is premature membrane rupture? What are the risk factors?

A

Water breaks but there is no contractions.
Smoking and STDs are risk factors

51
Q

treatment of premature membrane rupture?

A

corticosteroids, antibiotics, tocolytics, magnesium sulfate

52
Q

name corticosteroids used in pregnancy

A

Bexamethasone, dexamethasone

53
Q

Name antibiotics used in pregnancy

A

Penicillin, vancomycin

54
Q

Tocolytics used in pregnancy

A

Nifedipine

Therapeutics (46 decks)

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