Final exam final lecture Flashcards
How to differentiate between cold and flu
Cold-
Gradual onset of symptoms
Sneezing, stiffy nose, sore throat
Flu-
Abrupt symptom onset
fatigue, weakness, h/a, fever
What are exclusions for self treatment
Fever>101.5
worsening or new symptoms during self treatment
comorbidities
What are the 5 symptoms that we can treat in cold/flu
Rhinorrhea
Congestion
cough
Headache
sore throat
classify coughs
Productive- wet or chesty (facilitates ventilation and ability of lungs to resist ifection)
non-productive- dry or hacking (no secretions)
cough exclusions for self treatment
children less than 4 years old
worsening cough
drug associated cough (lisinopril)
non pcol treatment for coughs
Adequate fluid intake
nasal irrigation
increased humidification
adequate rest
pharmacologic treatments for cough
Expectorants
cough suppresants
decongestants
Name expectorant drugs for cough
Mucinex (guaifenesin)
robitussin
Name cough suppressants
delsym (dextromethorphan)
Codeine (robitussin)
camphor (vicks vapirub)
name decongestant drugs
Phenylephrine (sudafed PE)
Pseudoepedrine (sudafed)
What is a contraindication to phenylephrine (sudafed) and pseudoephedrine (sudafed)
NOT TO BE USED IN PREGNANT WOMEN
Other pharmacologic treatments for cough
Honey, lozenges, chloraseptic spray
Consideration in diabetic patients when selling OTC
Diabetics will need sugar free products labeled diabetic or DM
What medications to use when patient has productive coughs? what about if there is post-nasal drip
Guaifenesin (mucinex) 1200 mg BID
If post nasal drip use decongestant+antihistamine or intranasal corticosteroid
What medications to use if patient has non productive cough
dextromethorphan ER 60 mg BID
productive cough treatment for pediatric oatients
Guaifenesin 100 mg Q4H
consider a lot of fluids
Non productive cough treatment for pediatric patients
Honey for children aged 2 and up
dextromethorphan 5 mg Q 4H for children 4 and up
Nasal decongestant therapies are not used in which trimester of therapy
1st
Name pharmacologic treatments of Nasal congestion
Oral decongestants
Nasal decongestants
Name oral decongestants
Phenylephrine (sudafed)
pseudoephedrine (sudafed)
Name nasal decongestant drugs
Levomethamphetamine (vicks vapoinhaler)
oxyetazoline (afrin)
What is the problem of afrin when used for more than 3 days
rebound congestion
compare nasal and oral decongestants
nasal- fast relief, not systemically absorbed, rebound congestion likely
Oral decongestion- Less rebound congestion, worsen BP/HR, can cause sleeplessness
adverse reactions of oral decongestants
HTN, CAD, BPH, glaucoma, thyroid disorders
FIrst gen vs second gen for rhinorrhea
First gen is better for rhinorrhea and nasal congestion (they all end with -amine)
side effects of antihistamines
Dry mouth, blurred vision, difficulty urination, constipation, Dizziness
rhinorrhea in adult treatemnt
If cold related- first gen anti histamines +/- decongestants
Rhinorrhea in pediatric patients treatment
There is paradoxical rxn to diphenhydramine
are antihistamines and ICS safe during pregnancy
Yes, they will be present in breast milk
T/F combo products often contain more ingredients than are needed
True
what is a contraindication to pseudoephedrine
Hypertension
If symprtoms have been worsening iver days with treatment always
Refer, not eligible for self care
6 Exclusion for self treatment for warts
Suspicion growth is not a wart
many warts
diabetes
weakened immune system
Warts that hurt, burn or bleed
warts on face or genitalia
How is head louse transmitted?
transmission requires direct contact
Name treatments of lice
Rid (pyrethin + piperonyl butoxide)
(does not kill unhatched eggs) (must be repeated in 7-10 days)
age 2 and up
Nix= permethrin
Needs repeated in7-10 days
age 2 MONTHS and up
SHAMPOO only no conditioner, rinse in sink. Not shower.
pharmacologic hemorrhoids treatment
Anesthetics
-dibucaine or pramoxine
Astringents
-witch hazel,
corticosteroids
HCTZ 1% in cream
Vasoactive agents
phenylephrine topical treatment
What is the use of each ingredient in treating hemorrhoids
Astringents(witch hazel)- dries, soothes, relieves irritation
Corticosteroids (HCTZ)- relieves itching
Vasoactive agents (Phenylephrine)- shrinks tissue to relieve discomfort
Which supplements increase risk of bleeding
4G’s
Garlic, ginger, ginseng, ginkgo biloba
St johns wort drug interaction with
Warfarin
A patient wanting to strat (or already started) st johns wort is an acute concern due to inhibition of warfarins therapeutic effect (T/F)
true
Use of garlic supplements
HLD, HTN, T2D
Use of ginger supplements
Nausea and vomiting
ginseng supplement use
energy supplement
use of st johns wort
Treatment of minor-moderate depression
use of cranberry juice
PREVENTION of UTI
SAW palmeto supplement use
BPH
