Lecture 1 Flashcards
ANS divided into ______ and ______
sympathetic and parasympathetic
which response is flight or fight (PSNS or SNS)
SNS
________ regulates the activity of smooth and cardiac muscle gland, lymphoid and some adipose tissue.
Autonomic nervous system
what are the 2 neuron pathways of ANS
pre and post ganglionic
where is the pre ganglionic neuron located
CNS
Where is post ganglionic neuron located
outside CNS in autonomic ganglia
Where does the pre ganglionic neuron project to?
Projects to autonomic ganglia
Where does the post ganglionic neuron project to?
Projects to target Organ.
Primary transmitter for all preganglionic neurons is
Acetylcholine
parasympathetic post ganglion neuron is
Acetylcholine
pre and post ganglionic neurotransmitter in PSNS
Acetylcholine
post ganglionic receptors in parasympathetic are______
nicotinic
Target cell receptors in PSNS are____
Muscarinic.
Neurotransmitter for most sympathetic postganglionic neurons is
Norepinephrine
postganglionic transmitters in sweat glands?
Acetylcholine
postganglionic transmitters in adrenal medulla?
Epinephrine
postganglionic transmitters in renal medulla?
Dopamine
characteristics of preganglionic neurons in parasympathetic system size
long
Where does preganglionic neurons in parasympathetic system synapse
At or near organ
What neuro transmitter is released to activate which receptor in preganglionic para sympathetic
ACh neurotransmitter activates nicotinic receptor on postganglionic
post ganglionic parasympathetic size
short
post ganglionic parasympathetic synapse at
target organ
What neurotransmitter is released at parasympathetic postganglionic
ACh released to activate muscarinic receptors on target organs
preganglionic sympathetic neuron size
short
preganglionic sympathetic neuron synapses at
near spinal cord
preganglionic sympathetic neuron releases what neuron to activate what receptor
ACh is released to activate nicotinic on postganglionic
postganglionic sympathetic receptor size
long
postganglionic sympathetic receptor synapses at
target organ
Postganglionic sympathetic neuron releases what neurotransmitter to activate what receptor
Norepinephrine released to activate adrenergic receptor
How are sweat glands exceptions in sympathetic neuron systems
postganglionic neurons involved with thermoregulation release ACh
stress related releases norepinephrine
how are adrenal glands exceptions in sympathetic nervous system
Adrenal glands release epinephrine instead of norepinephrine.
Where do preganglionic neurons synapse in adrenal gland
Directly on adrenal gland (instead of near spinal cord)
Is cholinergic parasympathetic or sympathetic
Parasympathetic
Is adrenergic parasympathetic or sympathetic
Sympathetic
How do drugs influence the ANS?
Mimic or block 2 primary neurotransmitters (ACh & norepinephrine)
3 words for acetylcholine mimickers in parasympathetic
Cholinergic, parasympathomimetic, muscarinic agonist
3 words for acetylcholine blockers in PSNS
parasympatholytic, anticholinergic, muscarinic antagonist
3 words for norepinephrine mimickers in sympathetic system
Adrenergic, adrenergic agonist, sympathomimetic
3 words for norepinephrine blockers in SNS
antiadrenergic, adrenergic antagonist, sympatholytic
what are the two cholinoreceptors
nicotinic and muscarinic
what are the 2 adrenoreceptors?
Alpha and beta
tissue distribution of nicotinic receptors
ganglionic, skeletal muscle, neuronal CNS
function of nicotinic receptor, how many subunits does in have? selectively activate by what
function is they are Na+ ion channels that lead to depolarization of membrane, 5 subunits, selectively activated by nicotine
muscarinic receptor two different classes? Why are they two different classes?
M1, M3, M5 are one class, M2 and M4 are another class. 1,3 and 5 are Gq and 2 and 4 are Gi.
signal transduction of m1,m3 and m5
Gq
Gq pathway mechanism. What are the second messengers?
DAG—->PKC & IP3. Calcium is mobilized form intracellular (PKC is CA dependent) DAG and IP3 are 2nd messegers.
m2 and m4 signal transduction pathway
Gi
Gi opposing pathway is
Gs
M2 opposes ______ in the heart
Beta
Adrenergic receptor subtypes
a1, a2 and B
a1 signals via which pathway
Gq
main function of a1
mediates vasoconstriction
a1 found on
Vascular smooth muscle, genitourinary smooth muscle
intestinal smooth muscle
heart
liver
a2 signals via which pathway
Gi pathway
what makes a2 special or different from the rest
it is found PRESYNAPTICALLY and it functions as an auto receptor to inhibit sympathetic output.
a2 leads to increased or decreased neurotransmitter release
decreaased
Gi pathway mechanism
inhibits adenylyl cyclase
reduce CAMP dpk activity
activate k + channels
adrenergic subtypes b1, b2 and b3 signal via
Gs pathway
opposite of Gs pathway
Gi
does Gs activate or inhibit adenylyl cyclase
activate (opposite of Gi)
which receptors have opposite functions?
M2/4 and B1
why do we focus on ANS in pharmacology
Many drugs have an anti cholinergic effect and ANS plays major role in BP and heart function.
Gi activates which channel
K+
phosphorylation of ion channels (Gs or Gi)
Gs
rate and force of control of heart adrenergic response and receptor
increase (b1 and 2 receptor)
rate and force of contraction of heart cholinergic response and receptor
decreasen(M2)
Arteries adrenergic response and receptor
Vasoconstriction (A1)
Veins adrenergic response and receptor
Vasoconstriction (a1&2)
Skeletal muscle adrenergic response and receptor
Vasodilation (B2)
Adrenergic response to bronchiolar smooth muscle
Bronchodilation
Skeletal muscle adrenergic response and recepto
Vasodilation (B2)
Adrenergic response of bronchiolar smooth muscle and receptor
Bronchodilation, b2
Cholinergic response of bronchiolar smooth muscle and receptor
Bronchoconstriction (m2,3)
adrenergic response of bladder wall and receptor
relaxation (b3)
adrenergic response of ureter and receptor
contraction (a1)
renergic response of sphincter and receptor
contraction (a1)
adrenergic response of uterus and receptor
b2 is relaxation of uterus and a1 is contraction of yterus
adrenergic response of vasdeferens and receptor
Ejaculation (a1)
cholinergic response of bladder wall
Contraction (m3)
cholinergic response of ureter and receptor
relaxation (m3)
cholinergic response of sphincter
relaxation (m3)
cholinergic response of vas deferens and receptor
erection (m3)
study this table (most important thing of all in this lecture)
miosis of pupil definition
miosis is the Pupilary CONSTRICTION that happens when CIRCULAR MUSCLE is constricted by activation of PSNS
what psns nerve is activated during miosis
M3
Mydriasis of pupil definition
Mydriasis is the CONSTRICTION of the RADIAL MUSCLE constricted via activation of SNS
What SNS nerve is activated by Mydriasis
A1
what is glaucoma caused by
increased intraoccular pressure inside the eye caused by increased secretion or lack of drainage.
How does pilocarpine treat galucoma in ciliary muscle?
M3 receptor agonist, contraction of ciliary muscle facilitates outflow of Aqueous humor.
how does Brimonidine cure glaucoma in ciliary body?
Inhibits production of aqueous humor and increases outflow in ciliary body
How do we treat glaucoma in ciliary epithelium
beta ANTAGONISTS.
