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Therapeutics > Lecture 1 > Flashcards

Lecture 1 Flashcards

1
Q

ANS divided into ______ and ______

A

sympathetic and parasympathetic

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2
Q

which response is flight or fight (PSNS or SNS)

A

SNS

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3
Q

________ regulates the activity of smooth and cardiac muscle gland, lymphoid and some adipose tissue.

A

Autonomic nervous system

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4
Q

what are the 2 neuron pathways of ANS

A

pre and post ganglionic

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5
Q

where is the pre ganglionic neuron located

A

CNS

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6
Q

Where is post ganglionic neuron located

A

outside CNS in autonomic ganglia

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7
Q

Where does the pre ganglionic neuron project to?

A

Projects to autonomic ganglia

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8
Q

Where does the post ganglionic neuron project to?

A

Projects to target Organ.

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9
Q

Primary transmitter for all preganglionic neurons is

A

Acetylcholine

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10
Q

parasympathetic post ganglion neuron is

A

Acetylcholine

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11
Q

pre and post ganglionic neurotransmitter in PSNS

A

Acetylcholine

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12
Q

post ganglionic receptors in parasympathetic are______

A

nicotinic

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13
Q

Target cell receptors in PSNS are____

A

Muscarinic.

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14
Q

Neurotransmitter for most sympathetic postganglionic neurons is

A

Norepinephrine

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15
Q

postganglionic transmitters in sweat glands?

A

Acetylcholine

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16
Q

postganglionic transmitters in adrenal medulla?

A

Epinephrine

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17
Q

postganglionic transmitters in renal medulla?

A

Dopamine

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18
Q

characteristics of preganglionic neurons in parasympathetic system size

A

long

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19
Q

Where does preganglionic neurons in parasympathetic system synapse

A

At or near organ

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20
Q

What neuro transmitter is released to activate which receptor in preganglionic para sympathetic

A

ACh neurotransmitter activates nicotinic receptor on postganglionic

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21
Q

post ganglionic parasympathetic size

A

short

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22
Q

post ganglionic parasympathetic synapse at

A

target organ

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23
Q

What neurotransmitter is released at parasympathetic postganglionic

A

ACh released to activate muscarinic receptors on target organs

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24
Q

preganglionic sympathetic neuron size

A

short

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25
Q

preganglionic sympathetic neuron synapses at

A

near spinal cord

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26
Q

preganglionic sympathetic neuron releases what neuron to activate what receptor

A

ACh is released to activate nicotinic on postganglionic

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27
Q

postganglionic sympathetic receptor size

A

long

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28
Q

postganglionic sympathetic receptor synapses at

A

target organ

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29
Q

Postganglionic sympathetic neuron releases what neurotransmitter to activate what receptor

A

Norepinephrine released to activate adrenergic receptor

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30
Q

How are sweat glands exceptions in sympathetic neuron systems

A

postganglionic neurons involved with thermoregulation release ACh
stress related releases norepinephrine

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31
Q

how are adrenal glands exceptions in sympathetic nervous system

A

Adrenal glands release epinephrine instead of norepinephrine.

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32
Q

Where do preganglionic neurons synapse in adrenal gland

A

Directly on adrenal gland (instead of near spinal cord)

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33
Q

Is cholinergic parasympathetic or sympathetic

A

Parasympathetic

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34
Q

Is adrenergic parasympathetic or sympathetic

A

Sympathetic

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35
Q

How do drugs influence the ANS?

A

Mimic or block 2 primary neurotransmitters (ACh & norepinephrine)

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36
Q

3 words for acetylcholine mimickers in parasympathetic

A

Cholinergic, parasympathomimetic, muscarinic agonist

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37
Q

3 words for acetylcholine blockers in PSNS

A

parasympatholytic, anticholinergic, muscarinic antagonist

38
Q

3 words for norepinephrine mimickers in sympathetic system

A

Adrenergic, adrenergic agonist, sympathomimetic

39
Q

3 words for norepinephrine blockers in SNS

A

antiadrenergic, adrenergic antagonist, sympatholytic

40
Q

what are the two cholinoreceptors

A

nicotinic and muscarinic

41
Q

what are the 2 adrenoreceptors?

A

Alpha and beta

42
Q

tissue distribution of nicotinic receptors

A

ganglionic, skeletal muscle, neuronal CNS

43
Q

function of nicotinic receptor, how many subunits does in have? selectively activate by what

A

function is they are Na+ ion channels that lead to depolarization of membrane, 5 subunits, selectively activated by nicotine

44
Q

muscarinic receptor two different classes? Why are they two different classes?

A

M1, M3, M5 are one class, M2 and M4 are another class. 1,3 and 5 are Gq and 2 and 4 are Gi.

45
Q

signal transduction of m1,m3 and m5

A

Gq

46
Q

Gq pathway mechanism. What are the second messengers?

A

DAG—->PKC & IP3. Calcium is mobilized form intracellular (PKC is CA dependent) DAG and IP3 are 2nd messegers.

47
Q

m2 and m4 signal transduction pathway

A

Gi

48
Q

Gi opposing pathway is

A

Gs

49
Q

M2 opposes ______ in the heart

A

Beta

50
Q

Adrenergic receptor subtypes

A

a1, a2 and B

51
Q

a1 signals via which pathway

A

Gq

52
Q

main function of a1

A

mediates vasoconstriction

53
Q

a1 found on

A

Vascular smooth muscle, genitourinary smooth muscle
intestinal smooth muscle
heart
liver

54
Q

a2 signals via which pathway

A

Gi pathway

55
Q

what makes a2 special or different from the rest

A

it is found PRESYNAPTICALLY and it functions as an auto receptor to inhibit sympathetic output.

56
Q

a2 leads to increased or decreased neurotransmitter release

A

decreaased

57
Q

Gi pathway mechanism

A

inhibits adenylyl cyclase
reduce CAMP dpk activity
activate k + channels

58
Q

adrenergic subtypes b1, b2 and b3 signal via

A

Gs pathway

59
Q

opposite of Gs pathway

A

Gi

60
Q

does Gs activate or inhibit adenylyl cyclase

A

activate (opposite of Gi)

61
Q

which receptors have opposite functions?

A

M2/4 and B1

62
Q

why do we focus on ANS in pharmacology

A

Many drugs have an anti cholinergic effect and ANS plays major role in BP and heart function.

63
Q

Gi activates which channel

A

K+

64
Q

phosphorylation of ion channels (Gs or Gi)

A

Gs

65
Q

rate and force of control of heart adrenergic response and receptor

A

increase (b1 and 2 receptor)

66
Q

rate and force of contraction of heart cholinergic response and receptor

A

decreasen(M2)

67
Q

Arteries adrenergic response and receptor

A

Vasoconstriction (A1)

68
Q

Veins adrenergic response and receptor

A

Vasoconstriction (a1&2)

69
Q

Skeletal muscle adrenergic response and receptor

A

Vasodilation (B2)

70
Q

Adrenergic response to bronchiolar smooth muscle

A

Bronchodilation

71
Q

Skeletal muscle adrenergic response and recepto

A

Vasodilation (B2)

72
Q

Adrenergic response of bronchiolar smooth muscle and receptor

A

Bronchodilation, b2

73
Q

Cholinergic response of bronchiolar smooth muscle and receptor

A

Bronchoconstriction (m2,3)

74
Q

adrenergic response of bladder wall and receptor

A

relaxation (b3)

75
Q

adrenergic response of ureter and receptor

A

contraction (a1)

76
Q

renergic response of sphincter and receptor

A

contraction (a1)

77
Q

adrenergic response of uterus and receptor

A

b2 is relaxation of uterus and a1 is contraction of yterus

78
Q

adrenergic response of vasdeferens and receptor

A

Ejaculation (a1)

79
Q

cholinergic response of bladder wall

A

Contraction (m3)

80
Q

cholinergic response of ureter and receptor

A

relaxation (m3)

81
Q

cholinergic response of sphincter

A

relaxation (m3)

82
Q

cholinergic response of vas deferens and receptor

A

erection (m3)

83
Q

study this table (most important thing of all in this lecture)

A
84
Q

miosis of pupil definition

A

miosis is the Pupilary CONSTRICTION that happens when CIRCULAR MUSCLE is constricted by activation of PSNS

85
Q

what psns nerve is activated during miosis

A

M3

86
Q

Mydriasis of pupil definition

A

Mydriasis is the CONSTRICTION of the RADIAL MUSCLE constricted via activation of SNS

87
Q

What SNS nerve is activated by Mydriasis

A

A1

88
Q

what is glaucoma caused by

A

increased intraoccular pressure inside the eye caused by increased secretion or lack of drainage.

89
Q

How does pilocarpine treat galucoma in ciliary muscle?

A

M3 receptor agonist, contraction of ciliary muscle facilitates outflow of Aqueous humor.

90
Q

how does Brimonidine cure glaucoma in ciliary body?

A

Inhibits production of aqueous humor and increases outflow in ciliary body

91
Q

How do we treat glaucoma in ciliary epithelium

A

beta ANTAGONISTS.

Therapeutics (46 decks)

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